MUD AND SAND IN ITS CAVITIES AND ON ITS PINNACLES. 123 
myself, these excavations afforded matter of much higher interest, as 
they enabled me to identify beneath the crusts of stalagmite h. h. the 
same bed of diluvial mud i. i., which I had already seen at Baumans 
Hohle, and Scharzfeld, and Theux, and in the caves of England, and 
alternating also as it does at Plymouth, with thin beds of blue clay, 
and coarse loose sand, mixed abundantly with small fragments of 
greywacke slate and clay slate. I was told, though I did not see 
them, that it sometimes contains pebbles. It is remarkable, that this 
diluvium is accumulated on the top of the pinnacles d. d. d., in 
nearly as great quantity as in the intermediate basins b. b. b. ; and 
here again, we have another analogy to the caves at Plymouth, 
viz. that wherever there was a ledge, or shelf, or basin, however 
minute, whereon there was space enough for the smallest deposit 
to take place, from a mass of water loaded with mud, and sand, there 
these materials have found a lodgment, and have ever since re¬ 
mained undisturbed, under a gradually accumulating crust of stalag¬ 
mite. The single post-diluvian crust h. h. is the only one that 
appears both in the basins and on the pinnacles: it is spread on the 
upper surface only of the diluvial sediment i. i.; and in no case has 
it been found to alternate with the mud, or sand, or clay, of which 
this sediment is composed. I was unable to ascertain, whether or 
not there be (as at Kirkdale), a subjacent crust of stalagmite, accu¬ 
mulated on the native rock beneath, before the introduction of the 
mud. On the surface of the upper stalagmite there is a quantity of 
mould, which has been brought in by the present guide from the 
adjacent field, for the purpose of making a path in the interior 
of the cave. 
