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FISSURES AND CAVES COEVAL. 
GENERAL REMARKS ON THE GERMAN CAVES. 
To the facts already enumerated in describing the particular 
appearances in the interior of individual caverns may be added the 
following remarks, which apply generally to them all. 
1. With respect to the apertures themselves, whether fissures or 
caverns, they appear to have been open, and without mud or pebbles, 
at the time when the animals lived and died, whose remains are now 
found in them. These two kinds of apertures rarely occur separate, 
and many of the caves appear to be only enlargements, and hollow 
side branches shooting off from a fissure or congeries of connected 
fissures. Some of these fissures terminate upwards, like the caves, in 
the body of the rock; others rise to the surface, and are occasionally 
open, as at Scharzfeld, but more frequently they are filled up with 
diluvium of the same kind as that which has universally covered the 
floor, and filled the undervaultings of the caves. 
2. The present mouths of the caves did not exist in their actual 
state at the time when they were inhabited; but are rather truncated 
portions of the middle and lower regions of the original caverns, laid 
open by the diluvial waters which excavated the valleys in whose cliffs 
they stand; and which also drifted into them the mud and pebbles. 
3. The proportion of teeth in all these caverns does not appear 
(as at Kirkdale) to be in excess, beyond that which is due to the 
number of bones that accompany them; and this circumstance is 
explained by the fact of their being principally derived from bears, 
