REMAINS OF ELEPHANTS FOUND IN SCOTLAND. 
179 
and gravel, to the depth of 88 feet. Eor the above particulars, as to 
these lead mines, I am indebted to the kindness of C. Stokes, Esq. 
and Robert Dawson Esq. * 
Of the occurrence of elephants in Scotland, we have the following 
evidence by Mr. Bald, in the 4th vol. of the Wernerian Transactions? 
p. 58, where he states, that an elephant’s tusk, 39 inches long, and 13 
in circumference, and weighing 2 of pounds, was found embedded 
in diluvial clay at Clifton Hall, between Edinburgh and Falkirk, in 
cutting the canal in July, 1820, at the depth of 15 or 20 feet below 
the present surface; it was in so high a state of preservation, that it 
was purchased for two pounds, and sawn asunder, by an ivory turner 
at Edinburgh, to be made into chess men; but the parts have been 
preserved by Sir Alexander Maitland Gibson, and an engraving of it 
is attached to the memoir by Mr. Bald. Two other tusks, of nearly 
the same size, were also discovered, with several small bones lying 
near them, in Jan. 1817, at Kilmaurs, in Ayrshire, near the water of 
Carmel, at the depth of 17f feet from the surface, in a mass of similar 
diluvial clay. Parts of these are preserved at Eglington Castle, and 
in the College Museum at Edinburgh f. 
* I am informed by Professor Sedgewick, that being in Derbyshire in 18] 8, he was 
told that bones had been found in a lead mine on Bakewell Moor, nearly 100 feet below 
the surface ; and that on visiting the spot, he found the miners working in a fissure filled 
with pebbles of limestone and sandstone, large rolled pebbles of galena, and mud: 
amongst these were teeth and fragments of the bones of horses. These probably had 
been all washed together into the open fissure at the same time, when the galena pebbles 
and elephants’ bones were lodged together in the Yale of Clwydd, and the rhinoceros, 
&c. washed into the Dream Cave near Wirksworth. 
-j* The state of preservation of these tusks is nearly equal to that of the fossil ivory 
of Russia: those found in England are usually more decayed. The only one I have seen 
sufficiently hard to be used by the turners was found on the coast of Yorkshire, where 
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