EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
271 
Plate XVII. 
Vertical section of the cave of Gailenreuth, in Franconia, from sketches 
made by Professor Buckland in 1816 and 1822. 
A. Entrance passage, varying from six to ten feet in height, 
terminating externally in a steep cliff, and internally expanding itself 
into the large chamber B. 
B. Large chamber, having much stalactite on its roof, and still 
more stalagmite on its floor. In the centre is a, pillar of these sub¬ 
stances, uniting the roof and floor. 
C. Crust of stalagmite, still perfect over great part of the floor 
of B., but much destroyed on that of the lower chamber F. 
D. Bed of diluvial loam, mixed with pebbles, angular fragments 
of limestone, bones and teeth: the bones are not so abundant as in 
the lower masses G. I. 
E. Hole excavated in the mass D. for the purpose of extracting 
bones : fragments of these bones lie loosely scattered on the surface 
of the crust C., and mixed with bones of modem animals, with ashes 
also and charcoal from fires made to illuminate the cave, and with com¬ 
mon soil brought in from the external surface. 
F. Second chamber, separated from B. by a perpendicular pre¬ 
cipice, and having probably other less steep communications with it. 
The stalagmite of the floor C. is represented as restored to the state 
in which it probably existed before it had been disturbed by digging. 
G. Enormous mass of bones lying in loose earth in a deep natural 
cavern, which descends laterally from the chamber F. 
H. Upper and empty part of the cavern which contains the bones G. 
I. Mass of bones, 25 feet deep, mixed with pebbles and loam, 
and cemented by stalagmite into a strong osseous breccia. 
