84 
PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 
growth of the epidermis and of the venules and apices; proceed from the same 
cause. Dr. Kinahan illustrated his remarks with a series of specimens of the forma 
mentioned. 
The Chairman then announced the ballot, when 
Lord Clermont, of Ravensdale Park, and Edward P. Wright, Esq., were 
elected members; and Dr. Carte, of the Royal Dublin Society, rejoined the 
society. 
Those who were formerly members, on being proposed by the council, can rejoin 
the society without payment of the admission fee. The meeting then adjourned to 
the 7th of April. 
DUBLIN UNIVERSITY ZOOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. 
JANUARY 21, 1854. 
R. Ball, LL.D., President, in the chair. 
Mr. A. R. Hogan read the following paper from E. Waller, Esq., Corre¬ 
sponding Member, 
ON THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA, OF FINNOE, COUNTY TIPPERARY. 
The district under observation is comprised within, but not fully occupying, a circle 
of about one mile and a half radius, embracing part of the parish of Einnoe, and 
a small portion of Borrisokane, in the north of Tipperary. It lies within the 
great central mountain limestone formation, and is traversed by a small river 
which, a couple of miles farther west, falls into the expansion of the Shannon, 
called Lough Derg. The river-valley, about 170 feet above the sea, is composed 
partly of alluvial soil and partly of bog. When first examined by me, the river 
was sluggish and deep, the water nearly on a level with the banks, and flowing into 
drains abounding in various water plants, and thus favourable for the abode of 
water mollusca. The operations of the Drainage Commissioners have converted it 
into a shallow, rather rapid stream, running between deep banks, leaving the old 
drains completely dried up, and involving the loss of nearly all their mollusca— 
amongst them, Pisidium Henslowianum, in the only Irish locality where it has been 
hitherto noted. There are some other boggy and marshy grounds in the district, 
which is moderately planted, and contains one wood of considerable extent and 
age, called Borris Wood. The hills rise to an elevation of about 230 feet above 
the sea; the lower ones, generally covered deeply with gravel, the higher, having 
the limestone rock protruding. 
I have followed the nomenclature and arrangement adopted in Gray’s edition of 
Turton’s Manual of Land and Fresh-water Shells—the work, I believe, most gene¬ 
rally in use by collectors in this country. 
Neritina fluviatilis. Abundant in the river. 
Bithinia tentaculata. Very abundant in the river and drains, of the normal 
character. 
Valvata piscinalis. Abundant; varying considerably in size and in elevation of 
spire. In one variety, the volutions appear angular, from being spirally 
cut by slightly elevated ridges, the angles of which are marked with 
white lines. 
,, cristata. Abundant. 
Arion ater. Numerous; black, and various shades of brown. 
„ hortensis. Common. The variety 2 of Gray’s Turton, /3. of Alder. 
Limax maximus. Not uncommon. 
„ agrestis. Common. I believe there are other Limaces; but not having paid 
sufficient attention when collecting them, I am not certain of the species. 
Vitrina pellucida. Generally distributed, varying in hue, not exceeding one-fourth 
of an inch in diameter. 
