THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 
41 
as well as the destructive effects of climate. Dyewoods 
are abundant, and the sapan-wood, produced by Ccesal- 
pinia sappan , obtains the highest price in European 
markets. Teak is found in Mindanao and also in the 
Sulu group, although it is said not to occur elsewhere 
in the Malay Archipelago except in Java and Sumbawa. 
Gums, resins, and textile materials are also abundantly 
produced. Musa textilis is largely grown for its fibre, 
which when prepared is known by the name of abaca 
or Manila hemp. This, with sugar, forms the chief export. 
The St. Ignatius’s bean ( Ignatia ), yielding the deadly 
poison strychnine, is commonly sold in the market at 
Manila. Most of the fruits of the other Malayan 
countries abound, excepting the mangosteen and durian. 
For these a strictly equatorial climate appears to be 
indispensable, and they only thrive in the extreme south 
of the archipelago. 
If we pass to the fauna of the group we find that 
it bears out to a great extent what may be surmised 
from a study of the flora. Although generally agreeing 
with the fauna of the larger Malay islands, that of the 
Philippines exhibits some remarkable deficiencies. These 
are most prominent in the mammalia, which are very few 
in number as compared with those of Borneo or Java. 
Thus, the numerous apes and monkeys of those islands 
are represented in the Philippines only by the common 
Macacus cynomolgus and the curious little Tarsier, one of 
the lemurs. Of carnivora there are three species only, 
two civets and a wild cat,—all the larger felines, the 
weasels, bears, and wild dogs, being entirely wanting. Of 
the Ungulates there is a wild pig, a mouse-deer, which is 
confined to the Bornean islands, Balabac and Palawan, 
three kinds of deer, and a very curious representative 
of the Bovidce—Probubalus minclorensis , whose nearest 
