THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 
51 
Islands, part of Masbate, and the islands lying between 
it and Luzon, and are related to the Tagals, especially 
by their language. They number about 350,000. The 
Ilocanos are more numerous, and occupy, with various 
tribes with which they have more or less intermingled, 
the northern part of Luzon. Besides these there are an 
infinity of other sub-Malayan peoples—Pangasinans, 
Pampangos, Tinguianes, Busaos, etc., to which particular 
reference is unnecessary. The Spanish apply the name 
Ygarrotes very loosely to a number of different tribes, 
but, strictly speaking, it should be given only to the 
natives of the mountains in the Benguet, Lepanto, and 
other neighbouring districts at the north of Luzon. They 
appear to differ not a little from the other Malayan 
inhabitants of the island, and according to some authors 
are a mixed race, partly of Japanese or Chinese origin. 
M. Marche, who visited them in 1880, describes them as 
being a short, hairy race with low forehead and thick 
lips, large thick feet, but small hands, the hair straight, 
black, and fine, and worn long by the men. A remark¬ 
able feature is the great elaboration of their tattooing, the 
designs being extremely florid and ornamental, with 
flowers, serpents, etc., and still more curious is their 
wood-carving. They dig and work gold, silver, and 
copper, and make very ornamental pipes, for which they 
themselves grow the tobacco. They breed both cattle 
and horses, and are great dog-fanciers. With all these 
characteristics, which serve to differentiate them markedly 
from their neighbours, they are nevertheless a wild and 
savage race, committing frequent raids, and at bitter 
enmity with the Spaniards, whose bullets have frequently 
thinned their ranks. 
The Mows , as the Spanish commonly term the Moham¬ 
medan inhabitants of the southern islands, are probably 
