54 
COMPENDIUM OF GEOGKAPHY AND TEAYEL 
as Reclus points out, it must not be forgotten that the 
Acapulco galleons brought over a powerful colony of 
Peruvians and Mexicans, and history furnishes us with 
several instances of the establishment of Japanese in the 
north of Luzon and in Manila, where they were encour¬ 
aged to counteract the influence of the Chinese. 
The Negritos, as already stated, must be regarded as 
having in past ages formed the chief or sole population of 
the Philippines, but it seems probable that another race 
or races must at some epoch have lived there in great 
numbers. M. Marche and other naturalists have found 
numbers of cave burial-places in Marinduque, Catandu- 
anes, and other islands. These caves yielded remains of 
coffins with handles of carved wood, and urns containing 
crania, all of which had been deformed by art, pottery, 
both rough and glazed, some of the jars decorated with 
dragons in alto-relievo, and fragments of porcelain. Gold 
ornaments were also discovered, and small rings of that 
metal, of a form similar to those used in Japan as money 
in ancient times. These burial-places are supposed to be 
of great antiquity, and certainly point to the conclusion 
that the people by whom they were used were largely 
subject to both Chinese and Japanese influence. 
7. Religion and Education. 
The Philippine Archipelago presents the anomalous 
instance of a country which has been conquered as 
much by ecclesiastical as by military power. Legaspi 
landed with his body of Augustines, who were followed 
by the Dominicans and Franciscans, and later—but not 
until the main work had been accomplished—by the 
Jesuits. The administration, whether civil or “ politico- 
