106 
COMPENDIUM OF GEOGEAPHY AND TEAYEL 
about half of which are more or less active. The highest 
is Semeru, with an altitude of 12,044 feet; ten exceed 
10,000 feet, five more exceed 9000 feet, and ten are 
between 7000 and 9000 feet. The following are the 
names of the most important, with their heights. Those 
that are more or less active have the names given in 
italics:— 
Detached. 
Central and 
Eastern Grou 
Karang 
e 5834 
S'lamat . 
11,240 
Mima. 
. 5234 
Sundara 
10,249 
Western Group. 
Prau 
Sumbing . 
8,389 
10,941 
Salak . 
. 7266 
Merapi 
Merbabu . 
9,404 
10,223 
Gede . 
. 9718 
Lawu 
10,676 
Patuwa 
. 7828 
Wilis . 
8,369 
Tangkuban Prau 
. 6808 
Penunggungan 
5,413 
10,935 
Malabar 
. 7683 
Arjuna 
Tunggul 
. 7224 
Butak (Kawi) 
9,381 
Papandayang . . 
. 8611 
Tengar . 
8,937 
Guntur 
. 7362 
Semeru . 
12,044 
Chikurai 
. 9242 
Lamongan 
5,370 
Galunggung 
. 7313 
Argopura 
10,138 
Cherimai . 
. 10,073 
Raun 
10,925 
Ijen (Merapi) 
9,187 
Of the western group, Salak, which from its proximity 
to Buitenzorg is one of the best known of the volcanoes of 
Java, is now inactive, but was in 1699 the scene of a great 
catastrophe. Enormous masses of mud were ejected from 
the crater, and impeding the course of the rivers, caused 
the formation of lakes, which burst and devastated the 
country below them. Papandayang, or “ the forge, 1 ” so 
called from the deafening noise produced by its crater, 
exhibits a series of sulphurous mud pools, which boil 
and eject stones and mud. In 1772 occurred its last 
eruption, which was one of the most destructive in the 
history of the island, and was specially remarkable for 
its suddenness and short duration. A great part of the 
mountain is said to have been engulfed, and 40 villages 
