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portion having been blown away in some giant convulsion 
of Nature. On a small plateau, half within it, is the 
unduly celebrated Guwa Upas, or “ Poison Yalley,” a 
small depression whence carbonic acid gas escapes, in no 
way more remarkable than the Grotto del Cane. Far 
more interesting are the numerous Hindu temples around, 
of which more than twenty remain tolerably entire, 
though many others have fallen into ruin. They are all 
Brahminical, and show no admixture of Buddhism as do 
those of Boro-bodor. Inscriptions have been found, but 
none bearing dates, although it is probable that the 
buildings were erected about the 12 th century. Although 
Merbabu is inactive and cultivated nearly to its summit, 
its sister cone Merapi emits a constant jet of smoke, but 
an eruption seldom occurs. Lawu, and Wilis, “ the green 
mountain/’ are quiescent, only showing signs of their 
former activity by the hot springs and solfataras of their 
slopes. The first-named is chiefly noteworthy for the 
extraordinary phallic Hindu temples whose ruins occupy 
its slopes. Arjuna shows many remains of a similar cult, 
and with Kawi appears to be now nearly extinct. Not 
so Kelut, which, though of insignificant height, is much 
dreaded from the nature of its eruptions. In that of 
1848 its terrific detonations were heard over the greater 
part of the Malay Archipelago. 
Semeru and Tenger are perhaps the most remarkable 
of all the Javanese volcanoes, the former as being the 
highest peak in the island, the latter as possessing the 
largest crater. There is little doubt that Tenger was at 
one time higher than its neighbour, and that some Titanic 
convulsion blew away the upper part of the mountain, 
leaving the base only to serve as the walls of a crater 
which is at the present time about six miles in its largest 
and four and a half in its smallest diameter. The floor 
