118 
COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL 
Rubiacese, conifers, heaths, and other plants familiar to 
countries beyond the tropics, present to us the flora of 
higher latitudes. Cryptogamous plants, especially, are 
infinitely multiplied; fungi are abundant, and mosses 
cover the ground and invest the trunks and branches of 
trees. The ferns are now smaller in size, but are of an 
infinite variety of forms, and constitute an important 
portion of the vegetation.” The lowest zone is by far 
the most extensive, and is chiefly given up to cultivation, 
especially to rice. On the second zone are grown tea, 
coffee, cinchona, and the Sagueir palm ( Arenga ), while 
at still higher altitudes cabbages and potatoes are to be 
seen in the gardens. 
Another interesting feature of the higher mountains 
of Java is the appearance upon them of plants closely 
allied to those of northern Europe. On Pangerango, one 
of the peaks of the Gede volcano, we meet with eatable 
raspberries at 6000 feet, cypresses at 7000, while at 
8000 feet we come upon such familiar types as the 
honeysuckle, St. John s wort, and guelder-rose ; and when 
we reach 9000 feet, we meet with the imperial cowslip, 
allied to species inhabiting Japan and the Himalayas, but 
of a peculiar species (Primula imperialis). The following 
genera, characteristic of north temperate regions, were 
found upon the summit by Mr. Motley:—Two species 
of violet, three of ranunculus, eight or ten of rubus, 
and species of primrose, St. John’s wort, swertia, lily 
of the valley, cranberry, rhododendron, gnaphalium, 
polygonum, foxglove, honeysuckle, plantain, wormwood, 
oak, and yew. 
Java affords many timber trees of considerable value, 
but as yet, with the exception of the Teak (Tedonia 
grandis ), they have not received the attention they 
commercially deserve. Forests of this tree are to be 
