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found throughout the island, but they exist chiefly 
between Samarang and Surabaya in the lower ground. 
Injudicious felling had at one time reduced them con¬ 
siderably, but under careful management matters are 
now more satisfactory, and it is stated that at the present 
time the forests of this tree occupy an area of about 
2500 square miles. Afforestation with the Blue Gum, 
Cassia florida, and other trees, has been of late largely 
carried out by the Government. In fruits the island is 
remarkably rich, and the markets of Batavia exhibit 
innumerable different kinds, most of which are strange to 
European eyes. It is here that the durian, mangosteen, 
rambutan, and other typically Malayan fruits are tasted 
in perfection. 
While the zoological features of Sumatra, Borneo, and 
the Malay peninsula are more or less identical, those of 
Java exhibit certain, marked differences. The island is 
very rich in mammalia, possessing about 90 distinct 
kinds. The majority of these are identical with those of 
Sumatra and Borneo; but many of the forms inhabiting 
those two islands are wanting, and there are a few 
peculiar to Java, or common to it and the Siamese pen¬ 
insula, but wanting in the other islands. Thus, Java 
has no tapir, or elephant, or Malay-bear, or orang-utan, 
while the Javan rhinoceros and hare are identical with 
species found again in the Indo-Chinese countries. Among 
birds we meet with similar but still more remarkable 
facts. No less than 240 species of land-birds are known 
to inhabit the island, and at least forty are peculiar to it. 
There are, however, no less than sixteen genera found in 
Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo, which are absent from 
Java, among which are such conspicuous birds as the 
Indian magpies ( Dendrocitta ), the green gaper ( Calypto - 
mena), the large bee-eater ( Nydiornis ), the Argus and 
