138 
COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY" AND TRAVEL 
about £2,000,000. Other noteworthy products, placed 
in the order of their value, are indigo, tea, hides, pepper, 
gum-dammar, copra, and coco-nuts, while large quantities 
of teak find their way from the Government forests to 
European shipbuilding yards. The import trade is a 
thriving one. Cotton goods to the value of two million 
pounds annually pass the custom-house, and the mineral 
oil lamps which light nearly every peasant’s hut consume 
over 20 million gallons per annum. Concessions were 
granted in 1890, both in Java and Sumatra, for the 
working of petroleum, and the prospects are said to be 
very encouraging. 
The villages, embowered in fruit trees and coco-nut 
palms, appear like gardens. Yast quantities of bananas 
are grown, of many different varieties, among them a 
bright red plantain from 12 to 16 inches in length. 
Cassava and yams are also much cultivated. The island 
is said to be insufficiently stocked with cattle, especially 
in the Sunda districts. The census of January 1889 
showed a slight increase. There were then 2,630,400 
buffaloes, 2,208,100 bullocks, and 536,900 horses. The 
latter animals, although useful and strong for their size, 
are not equal to the smaller race from Sumbawa and 
Sandalwood Island, or even to . the ponies of Sumatra. 
The total value of the exports from Java in 1890 
amounted to £10,494,353. 
10. Government and Revenue. 
The system of administration in Java has already 
been described (p. 99). It remains only to be said that 
the aim of the Government is to rule the natives by 
natives—if not actually, at all events nominally. The 
