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Eastern Railway system with Samarang and Surabaya, 
and a line is in course of construction to Garut and 
Chichalengka, which will join it with Batavia. It is 
guarded by the forts on Kambangan island and by 
batteries on the mainland, and has a considerable gar¬ 
rison. Cheribon, a town almost opposite to it on the 
north side of the island, is of secondary rank only, and 
is chiefly celebrated for its horses. 
The above are the only towns in Java with many 
European residents. Surakarta, or Solo, the chief junc¬ 
tion of the Eastern Railway system, although almost 
entirely native, possesses a larger number of inhabitants 
than any of them, the population at the last census being 
over 130,000. It is here that the Susuhunan, or Em¬ 
peror of Java, still exercises a nominal sway over a 
province of more than a million of his subjects, but 
.under the supervision of a Dutch Resident, with a force 
of 500 soldiers and a fort. The Emperor lives in con¬ 
siderable state, and is surrounded by an amount of luxury 
and magnificence hardly surpassed by any of the native 
princes of India. Jokjokarta, the capital of the pro¬ 
vince of that name, is not far from Surakarta, and, like it, 
is a native city ruled by a sultan. It is finely situated 
beneath the great cone of Merapi, and from the prox¬ 
imity of Brambanam and other ruins is very frequently 
visited by tourists. It has about 90,000 inhabitants. 
12. The Capital; Life and Manners. 
Towards the end of the sixteenth century the Dutch 
formed their first settlement in Bantam, driving out the 
Portuguese, and making the city one of the most im¬ 
portant in the East, at a time when Batavia was not 
L 
