SUMATRA 
181 
Turning to the fauna we find that it, too, offers great 
similarities to the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, and 
differs much from that of Java. The orang-utan exists 
in the north-eastern part of the island, but probably very 
locally. The Siamang (, Siamanga syndactyla), a very 
powerful animal, not much inferior in size to the orang, 
is common. It is not found in any other of the islands, 
the Malay Peninsula being the only other locality in 
which it occurs. On the whole Sumatra is rich in 
monkeys, and has probably as many species as Borneo. 
All the great mammalian forms of the continent are 
found here, such as the elephant, rhinoceros, tapir, and 
tiger, but of these species only the latter exists in Java. 
The elephant, considered by some authors as a peculiar 
species, has been driven out of some of the cultivated 
districts, but it is still very common in the Lampongs 
and in the thick jungles of the eastern lowlands. The 
rhinoceros (. R . sumatranus ) is rarer. It is a species 
peculiar to the island, smaller than that found in Java, 
and carrying two horns. It is found not only in the 
marshy jungles of the coast, but also, like its Javanese 
congener, at considerable altitudes, and Mr. Forbes 
noticed its spoor at a height of nearly 6000 feet on 
the Tengkamus mountain. Tigers are very plentiful, espe¬ 
cially in the east coast, in which district alone twenty-two 
deaths were registered by the Dutch officials as having 
been caused by them in 1889—figures which probably 
do not represent a tithe of the loss of life really occa¬ 
sioned. The clouded tiger ( F[ macroscelis ) also exists, as 
does the Malay sun-bear and the wild dog, but the fine 
Banteng, Bos sondaicus , is not found. The “ kambing- 
utan/’ or “ wild sheep/' is an antelope (. Antilocarpa 
sumatrana) which frequents the mountain ranges, and 
of which not much is known. In addition to the above 
