280 COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL 
canoes of recent origin, and several have been in eruption 
in the course of the present century. Other evidences of 
the character of this region occur in the shape of hot 
springs, mud volcanoes, and solfataras. Mr. Wallace 
thus describes some curious phenomena of this nature 
near Langauan, a little to the south of the Tondano 
Lake:—“A picturesque path among plantations and 
ravines brought us to a beautiful circular basin about 40 
feet in diameter, bordered by a calcareous ledge, so 
uniform and truly curved that it looked like a work of 
art. It was filled with clear water very near the boiling 
point, and emitted clouds of steam with a strong 
sulphureous odour. It overflows at one point and forms 
a little stream of hot water, which at a hundred vards 
distance is still too hot to bear the hand in.” The mud- 
springs, which are about a mile from this place, are still 
more curious. “ On a sloping tract of ground in a slight 
hollow is a small lake of liquid mud, in patches of blue, 
red, and white, and in many places boiling and bubbling 
most furiously. All around on the indurated clay are 
small wells and craters full of boiling mud. These seem 
to be forming continually, a small hole appearing first, 
which emits jets of steam and boiling mud, which on 
hardening forms a little cone with a crater in the middle. 
The ground for some distance is very unsafe, as it is 
evidently liquid at a small depth, and bends with pressure 
like thin ice.” Hot springs exist also by the Limbotto 
Lake, and in various other places ; and at Tanjong Api— 
a headland on the eastern peninsula opposite the Togian 
Islands—-jets of inflammable gas are being constantly 
emitted. 
The rivers of Celebes are necessarily small, the largest 
being the Sadang, which is supposed to rise in the central 
plateau, and enters the sea on the west coast, some 80 
