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gives it a glossy surface, and renders it capable of with¬ 
standing a good shower of rain, so that it becomes a 
really serviceable article of clothing. 
7. The Dutch Settled Districts. 
In spite of its being in great part unexplored, the 
whole of the island of Celebes is claimed by the Dutch, 
and divided by them into three political departments, of 
which the “ Government of Celebes and its Dependencies ” 
is the most extensive, embracing not only the southern 
half of the islands, with Salaier and the Butung group, 
but also the island of Surnbawa and part of Flores. 
The Besidency of Menado includes the greater part of 
the northern peninsula and the shores of the Gorontalo 
Gulf, while the country drained by the rivers emptying 
themselves into the Gulf of Tolo are under the nominal 
administration of the Resident of Ternate. These 
divisions are, however, of little practical moment except 
to cartographers; for, except at Labuan-dede, in Tontoli 
Bay, and Mendono, opposite Peling Island, there are no 
Europeans out of the Makassar and Menado districts. 
The Makassar District is the part which was earliest 
known to the western nations, and it was here, after the 
defeat of the Portuguese, that the Dutch first established 
themselves, building a fort in 1665. The country 
round is one of the most important coffee districts in the 
East, is traversed by good roads, and controlled by Dutch 
officials resident in fifteen different towns and villages. 
In the lowlands great quantities of rice are grown. 
Cotton is also cultivated, and the Makassar and Bugis 
women make sarongs —the skirt or petticoat universally 
worn by Malays of both sexes—which for durability 
and permanence of colour are unrivalled, and are highly 
