300 
COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL 
10 or 12 feet high, which is said to be of Portuguese 
construction. The country is in many places compara¬ 
tively bare of vegetation; it is of granitic formation, 
and gold is widely distributed, although as yet no very 
rich quartz has been found. The natives of Pogoyama 
and Pagoat, westward of Gorontalo, pay tribute to 
the Dutch in gold dust. 
8. Trade and Products. 
The total value of the exports from Celebes in 1890 
is officially stated at £564,058. This includes Sumbawa, 
but the trade of this island is of very little importance. 
By far the most valuable product is coffee, of which 
4110 tons were exported, valued at over £300,000. 
Of this the Menado district yields about one-eighth only. 
In the Makassar district the Government have no planta¬ 
tions, the industry being entirely in private hands, but of 
the Menado crop about three-fifths belongs to the State. 
The coffee of Minahasa is considered to be the best- 
flavoured in the world, and is chiefly sent to Russia. 
The chief exports of Southern Celebes after coffee are 
dammar (£53,000) and tripang (£40,000), this latter 
Chinese edible being a special product of the surrounding 
seas, as is tortoiseshell (£12,000), no other part of the 
archipelago producing anything like the quantity. Nut¬ 
megs are also grown largely, the export being valued at 
nearly £13,000, an amount which is exceeded only by 
Banda and the west coast of Sumatra. The exports of 
Northern Celebes apart from coffee differ a good deal 
from those of the Makassar district, the most important 
being copal (£23,000), rattan (£15,000), tobacco (£8000), 
and nutmegs and copra (each about £10,000). The 
vanilla orchid is grown in small quantities, and cacao 
