NEW GUINEA AND THE PAPUANS 
385 
ditions have been very numerous in the territories of 
both powers. The most important are those of Captain 
Everill, who ascended the Strickland River—the great 
tributary of the Ely—in 1885 ; of Mr. H. 0. Forbes, who 
in the same year penetrated some distance towards the 
Owen Stanley range, but did not reach its summit; of 
Mr. Cuthbertson, who partly ascended Mount Obree; 
and finally of the Administrator, Sir William Macgregor, 
who, in addition to tracing the Ely River to its sources 
and making innumerable minor expeditions, succeeded in 
1889 in gaining the summit of Mount Owen Stanley, 
the highest peak of the range of that name. In German 
New Guinea the work of geographical exploration has 
also been energetically undertaken, notably by Baron 
von Schleinitz in 1886, who investigated a great part of 
the coast ; by Captain Dalmann, to whom our know¬ 
ledge of the Kaiserin Augusta River is due; and by 
others too numerous to mention. 
4. Geology. 
In such an extensive country, with lofty mountain 
ranges, we may be sure that a large variety of sedi¬ 
mentary and igneous rocks occurs. As yet, however, the 
geology of the island is very insufficiently known. It 
was for long supposed that no volcanoes existed on the 
mainland, but it is now known that this is not the case, 
Mount Victory, on the shores of Collingwood Bay, 
opposite the D’Entrecasteaux group, having been seen in 
a partly active state. Mount Cyclops, near Humboldt 
Bay, is possibly a volcano, and craters have been reported 
to exist in the Arfak range. In some of the ranges of 
the southern portion of British territory,'basaltic rocks 
occur, and volcanic breccias superimposed on talcose 
2 c 
