540 
COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL 
the field, and long exercised great influence over the 
government. That influence has now ceased, and a 
Church of England mission has been established; but it 
may be impossible to neutralise the evil effects of a 
system of repression and habits of hypocrisy which have 
been at work for nearly two generations. 
In 1888, out of a population of less than 87,000, no 
less than 23,000 were Chinese; coolies of that race 
having been imported in large numbers for work on the 
plantations. There are now not more than 20,000, but 
the Japanese number nearly 8000. At the period just 
stated there were about 19,000 Europeans, of whom 
over 10,000 were Portuguese. These are almost without 
exception natives of Madeira and the Azores, who, unable 
from overpopulation to get land in their own country, 
though excellent and most industrious agriculturists, 
found in the land of their adoption a soil almost as good 
as that of their own, and an even better climate. With 
regard to the 40,000 or so of Kanakas still remaining, it 
is worthy of note that the men are greatly in excess of 
the women in number, a fact that perhaps more than any 
other augurs ill for the continuance of the race. 
The main exports of the Hawaiian Islands are sugar 
and rice. American capital to the amount of five million 
sterling is invested in the sugar plantations, nearly five 
times that of any other nation; and the annual export, 
which rapidly increases, may be reckoned at about 
120,000 tons. All is sent to the United States. From 
5000 to 6000 tons of rice are exported, and the consump¬ 
tion of the island may be calculated as even exceeding 
this, when the large number of Japanese and Chinese 
labourers, who live upon little else, is taken into considera¬ 
tion. The banana trade with the United States has 
largely increased, and about £27,000 worth of the fruit 
