40 
REVIEWS. 
These curious productions, however, do not attain to their full development 
into Tasnise, unless they reach the alimentary canal.* 
We extract Dr. Beale’s account of the way in which they present 
themselves to the student— 
“ Hydatids are not unfrequently met with in the post mortem theatre. They are 
usually found in the form of large cysts, occupying a considerable portion of the 
liver. The parent cyst is often surrounded with a layer of purulent fluid. Upon 
opening this parent cyst numerous small, rounder cysts (Acephalo-cysts), with 
much fluid, escape. The walls of the cysts are usually quite white, not unlike the 
boiled white of eggs, and vary very much in thickness; the external surface is 
smooth, but the internal appears 
more transparent and granular. 
The granular appearance arises 
from the presence of little ele¬ 
vations with which the surface is 
studded. By scraping these gently 
with a knife, not unfrequently 
many Echinococci will be remov¬ 
ed. These may also be obtained by 
allowing the contents of the Ace¬ 
phalo-cysts to flow into a conical 
glass. After a short time the 
Echinococci sink, when they may 
be removed with a pipette. 
“In the annexed figure are 
shown the appearance of two Echinococci, as seen under a quarter-of-an-inch 
object-glass (about 220 diameters). In one of these the hooks are seen to be ex¬ 
tended, a condition which has been considered to result from the occurence of 
endosmosis, and commencing decomposition.” 
Passing over the other Entozoa and Epizoa noticed by the author, we 
turn to some of the genera whose existence in the entophytic flora the 
microscope reveals as closely connected with disease, and of which more 
than one monograph has recently appeared. We have already named some as 
figured in Dr. Beale’s very comprehensive manual. We will now endeavour 
to convey some idea of them appearance by again referring to his pages. 
“ There are certain vegetable structures, of a very low organization, which not un¬ 
frequently fall under the notice of the practitioner. Some of these are found growing on 
the surface of the skin or mucous membrane in certain forms of disease, w r hile others 
are met with in recent fluid secretions, or become developed at periods of time after 
the secretions leave the 
Fig. 7. 
body. Fig. 7 shows the 
general characters of a 
fungus often developed 
in acid urine (Penci- 
lium glaucurrt). 
“The Achcerion Scheen- 
leinii usually appears 
as elongated vesicles, 
of a more or less oval 
form, many of them be¬ 
ing irregular, and vary¬ 
ing much in size, but often joined end to end, so as to form branches. This fungus 
* See, also, “ Micrographic Dictionary,” under Echinococous and Acephalo-cyst. 
