CONTENTS 
No. 1. 
ITINERARY, OR NOTES AND GENERAL OBSERVATIONS UPON THE 
GEOLOGY OE THE ROUTE. 
CHAPTER I. 
Isthmus of Darien to San Francisco—San Francisco to the San Joaquin river. 
Aspinwall on alluvial ground.—Fossils.—Tertiary fossils at Monkey Hill.—Argillaceous sandstone at Barbacoas.—Chagres 
river.—Drift near Gorgona.—Boulders and river-"rift of igneous rocks at Gorgona and Cruces.—Cruces to Panama.— 
Summit ridges of the mountains probably of compact green stone.—Panama.—Strata of red sandstone.—Lignite.— 
Panama to San Francisco.—Basaltic islands.—Gulf of California.—Mountains of the Peninsula.—San Diego.—Hills of 
modern strata..—Islands of Santa Barbara channel.—Arched rock Ahacapa.—Point Conception.—Change of temperature 
at Cape Conception.—Bitumen.—Point Pinos, Monterey.—Granite.—Golden Gate.—pan Francisco.—Sand beach.—Sand¬ 
stone and sand hills.—San Francisco to Benicia.—Sandstone strata.—Rounded hills.—Stratum of conglomerate—Mar¬ 
tinez.—Mt. Diablo and Diablo Yalley.—Sandstone and conglomerate.—Diallage rock from Mt. Diablo.—Cracks in the 
soil.—Livermore’s Valley.—Livermore’s Pass.—Strata of sandstone and conglomerate.—Outliers of conglomerate.—Effect 
of the fire on the wild oat.—Elkhorn.-—Plain of the San Joaquin.—Sloughs and marshes of the river. 
CHAPTER II. 
Grayson's Ferry 3 on the San Joaquin, to Fort Miller. 
San Joaquin river at Grayson’s Ferry.—Tuolumne river.—Alluvial land under cultivation.—Mitchell’s bridge.—Terraces.— 
Dry creek to the Merced river.—Outcrops of sandstone.—Merced river.—Drift of erupted rocks.—Merced river to Bear 
creek.—Table Hills.—Horizontal strata.—Fossil tree.—Foot hills of the Sierra.—Granitic and metamorphic rocks.—Clay 
slate —Quartz veins.—Gold.—Sandstone strata resting on the edges of the slates.—Quartz veins.—Iron ore.—Burns’ 
creek.—Flat-topped hills.—Bear creek.—Section of the horizontal strata.—Sun-cracks in the strata.—Andalusite.—View 
of the plains of the San Joaquin.—Gold.—Metamorp'nc rocks and quartz veins.—Little Mariposa river.—Oppressive heat 
of the plains.—Mariposa river to the Fresno.—Granite.—Metamorphic rocks.—Chowchillas river.—Section.—Stratum of 
conglomerate.—Slate containing andalusite.—Sand-drift of the Chowchillas.—Plains between the Chowchillas and the 
Fresno.—Snow on the Sierra.—Fresno river.—Rich soil.—Granite.—Syenite.—Gold.—Table-lands covered with lava. 
CHAPTER III. 
Fort Miller and the vicinity—Fort Miller to Ocoya creek. 
Granitic hills.—View of the valley of the San Joaquin —Diurnal rise and fall of the water.—Temperature.—Salmon._Ter¬ 
races.—Gold.—Granite.—Lava plain.—Nature of the rock —Minerals in parallel planes.—Strata of volcanic materials 
under the basalt.—Origin of the lava.—Valleys of erosion.—Ancient rivers and water-falls.—Indians.—Millerton. 
Climate.—Fort Miller to King’s river.—Fort Miller to Dry creek—Terrace.—King’s river.—Sierra Nevada.—Sharp slate 
ridges transverse to the Sierra.—Outline view.—King’s river to the Four creeks.—Alluvial clay.—Four creeks. Lux¬ 
uriant vegetation.—Irrigation.—Lost mountains.—Metamorphic rocks—Quartz rock.—Effects of the snow-peaks of the 
Sierra on the climate.—Four creeks to Moore’s creek.—Auriferous rocks.—Trap.—White creek to Pose' or Ocoya creek._ 
Tertiary formation at the base of the Sierra Nevada. 
