CONTENTS. 
IX 
Section.—Absence of vegetation.—Limestone.—Hot spring.—Palm tree.— Cactaceee.— Drifting sand.—Barley field.— 
Deep well.—Sand hills.—Blue clay, forming a hard surface.—Water-line on the rocks.—Calcareous incrustation.—Evi¬ 
dences of an ancient lake.—Small shells, of fresh-water species.—Cohuilla Indians.—Villages and springs.—Tradition of a 
great sheet of water covering the valley.—Saline incrustations.—Soil of the vicinity.—Springs.—Water-line, its elevation.— 
Thick calcareous incrustation.—View of the expanse of the desert.—Clearness of the air.—Shadows of the mountains.— 
Slope bordering the mountains.—Bottom of the ancient lake.—Ravines in the clay.—Outcrops of strata holding concre¬ 
tions.—Concretions.—Mirage.—Salt creek.— Shells.—Silicitied wood.—Sand drifts—Drift of volcanic rocks.—Horizontal 
strata of Carrizo creek.—Agave.—Palm springs.—Vallecito.—Gneiss and mica slate.—Vegetation.— San Felipe.— 
Indians.—Rain.—Warner’s Pass.—Oak trees and grass —Warm springs.—Granite. 
CHAPTER IX. 
Warner’s to the Colorado desert.—Colorado desert to the mouth of the Gila.—Camp Yuma and 
the vicinity. 
Warner’s to San Felipe.—Granitic veins.—Granite and gneiss.—Valley of Carrizo creek.—Drift.—Fossils.—View of the 
desert —Signal mountain.—Mirage.—Distorted images of mountains.—Slope of the desert —Fossil shells.—Polished 
pebbles.—Silicified wood.—Big lagoon.—Little lagoon.—Water-courses.—New river.—Alamo Mocho.—Well.—Skeletons 
of cattle.—Mezquit.—Larrea Mexicana.—Sand.—Mountains.—Pilot Knob.-—Mezquit wells.—Cook’s well.—Continuous 
bank or terrace.—Conglomerate.—Sand-drifts, dunes.—Willows and cotton-woods.—Indian village.—Fertility of the 
soil.—Colorado river.—Red mud or silt.—Pilot Knob.—Blackness and polish of the rocks.—Granite.—Volcanic or erupted 
rocks.—Travertin.—Agate.—Pebbles filled with fossils.—Conglomerate.—Plain of the desert.—Dust.—Fort Yuma.— 
Porphyritic granite.-—Chimney Peak.—Section of the butte at Fort Yuma.—Section along the river.—Inchned strata.— 
Probable origin of the fissure in the Butte.—Earthquakes.—Mud Volcano.—Mountains nearest the fort.—Plain covered 
with polished pebbles.—Glittering surface.—-Agates and porphyries.—Silicified wood.—Gneiss.—View of the desert and 
sand hills. 
CHAPTER X. 
Fort Yuma to Carrizo Creek.—Carrizo Creek to San Diego. 
Remarkable cleft in the rocks of Pilot Knob.—Terrace.—Sand-hills.—Extent and height of the hills.—Rain.—Rounded form 
of the grains of sand.—Agate and quartz.—Sand-storm.—Silicified wood.—Argillaceous strata.—Approach to Carrizo 
creek.—Barren mountains west of the Desert.—Erosion of Carrizo creek.—Banks of horizontal strata.—Fractures of the 
strata due to earthquakes.—Gypsum.—Stratum of marine shells.— Silicified wood polished by sand.—Palm springs.— 
Vegetation of the valley of the creek,—Granite and gneiss —Vallecito.—Basin-shaped valleys at different elevations.— 
Gneiss and mica slate.—Veins of feldspar traversing the rocks —Large crystals of tourmaline.—San Felipe.—Ravine near 
the Indian village.—Travertin of the creek.—Santa Isabel.—Granite.—Syenite.—Quartz veins and indications of gold.— 
San Pasqual.—Rounded hills of stratified formations.—Trap dyke.—Conglomerate.—Slope from the mountains.—Valleys 
of erosion.—Beach-shingle.—Fossil shells.—Punta Loma.—San Pedro.—Bluff of argillaceous strata.—Bituminous shales.— 
Hard sandstone.—Sun-cracks.—Modern deposits containing shells.—Bitumen.—Santa Barbara.—Fossils. 
F 2* 
