246 
GEOLOGY. 
River, after the stream leaves Big Lagoon. Its position is indicated on the map as nearly as 
possible. 
The northwestern side of the Desert, north of Carrizo Creek, has several springs at wide 
intervals, already described in detail in the Itinerary. The most interesting localities are the 
Hot Spring and Deep Well. Deep Well is interesting as the first locality of water on the 
Desert south of the San Bernardino Pass, and for its peculiar construction by the Indians. The 
water is approached by steps as in the East. 
The following table includes all the known localities of water, with the exception of Hew 
River, on the line of the trail between the Colorado, at the mouth of the Gila, and the Pass of 
San Bernardino. The distances from the Colorado are given in the first column, and the inter¬ 
mediate distances in the second: 
Distance from 
the Colorado. 
Intermediate 
distance. 
Cooke*s Well ------------------------------------ 
14.90 
14. 90 
Mezquite Well - _---------------- 
18. 90 
4. 00 
Alamo Well -_-------------- 
36. 20 
17. 30 
liitt]e Lagoon _____ _ 
51. 95 
15.75 
Big Lagoon.___-----------_ 
62. 24 
10.29 
Sackett’s Well *- ___ 
73. 24 
11. 00 
Salt Creek - _------------------- 
93. 24 
20. 00 
Water at Point of Rooks_____ 
118. 24 
25. 00 
Cohuilla Springs ______ 
130. 80 
12. 60 
Beep Well -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -------_---------- 
146. 62 
15. 82 
Hot Spring ______-___------_ 
157. 24 
10. 62 
River in ttie Pass ___---------_ 
164. 50 
7.36 
The following localities are not on the line of the trail: 
Distance from 
the Colorado. 
Intermediate 
distance. 
TurMon Wpll — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 
70. 24 
<t Soda Springs’ f — - — 
87. 24 
17.00 
Salt Pond _- -_ 
99.24 
12. 00 
It will thus be seen that there is no interval of over twenty-five miles without water on the 
travelled trail across the Desert. The whole distance from the Colorado to the foot of the 
Bernardino Pass is not over 170 miles ; consequently, not more than three watering stations 
will be required on the Desert for railroad purposes. The distance from the mouth of the Gila, 
in a direct line, to the water in the Pass, measured without regard to the localities of water on 
the Desert, is about one hundred and thirty miles. There are doubtless many other localities 
of water that have not yet been discovered. It is, however, my opinion that water can be 
obtained at almost any desired point by digging or boring. 
It is very important that the wells should be improved, or, rather, that others should be dug 
at convenient distances along the route usually travelled from the Colorado to Carrizo Creek. 
