BOTANY. 
113 
specimens are barely in flower, and therefore too young for ascertaining the form of the achenia. 
But the pappus and the lanceolate very taper-pointed involucral scales are just as in G. ntacro- 
clneta, and the whole plant resembles the Oregon specimens, except that the leaves are mostly 
pinnatifid with longer linear lobes ; a character of no specilic value in this and other Cichora- 
ceous genera, and not uniform in these specimens. These plants, like so many others of the 
same and similar regions, spring from seed apparently in the autumn, and flower in the vernal 
season; so that one is in doubt whether to call them annuals or biennials, between which there 
is no marked distinction in such climates. 
Calais Douglasii, DC. Prodr. 1, p. 85. Low or wet places, Mark West’s creek, California ; 
April. A depauperate state, with slender and only about 10-flowered heads, none of the ex¬ 
terior achenia hirsute. Still the few specimens gathered (mixed with another sjiecies) cannot 
safely be regarded as specifically distinct from G. Douglasii. 
Calais Bigelovii (sp. nov.): scaposa, spithamasa; foliis pinnatipartitis, lohis pleruraque 
crebris linearibus acutis, majoribus smpe laciniatis ; involucro calyculato ; acheniis oblongo- 
turbinatis apice truncatis, (nec rostratis nec sursum angustatis,) externis villosissimis ; pappi 
paleis 5 oblongo-ovatis in aristam barbellulatam iisdem longiorem suhito productis. (Tab. XVII.) 
Corte Madera, California ; April. This species is most nearly related to C. Douglasii; hut the 
heads are smaller and shorter ; the (ovate-lanceolate) scales of the involucre broader ; the 
achenia barely 2 lines long when apparently full grown, and tapering from the broad truncate 
summit to the base, the exterior densely villous, the others smooth, or nearly so ; the fuscous 
palete of the pappus are of nearly the length of the achenium, their strong midnerve produced 
abruptly from the apex into an arwn, which is about a third longer than the palea itself. 
Calais cyclocarpiia (sp. nov.) : scarpsra, glaberrima ; foliis scapis dimidio brevioribus in_ 
tegris et pinnatifidis, lobis integerrimis ; involucro calyculato ; acheniis oblongis sub apice 
truncate levissime contractis, extimis villosissimis ; pappi paleis 5 orbiculatis integris achenio 
dimidio arista barbellulata circiter triplo brevioribus. (Tab. XVIII.) Xapa Valley, California, 
on grassy plains and hill-sides ; May. Boot annual, slender, as in all the species of true 
Calais. Leaves 5 to 9, the naked scapes 6 to 18, inches long. Involucre 5 to 6 inches long, 
campanulate, glabrous, of 10 or 11 ovate-lanceolate equal proper scales, and of 6 or 7 very short 
5. C. Bigelovii, sp. nov. Vide supra. 
6. C. cyclocarpiia, sp. nov. Vide supra. ® 
7. C. platycarpha (sp. nov.): pappi paleis latissime ovalibus integerrimis brevissime aristatis. San Luis Rey, California, 
Dr. Parry. 
§3. Aphanocalais. Achenia clavato-oblonga, erostria, apice obtuso areola parva terminata! omnia glabra. Pappus Scorzo- 
nellae, sed paleis multum paucioribus (1-5) et deciduis, quandoque nullus! Involucrum fere Eucalaidis, 8-12 florum. Ligul® 
exsertae. Herbula scaposa monocarpica, radice exili. 
8. C. tenella, sp. nov. Vide supra, p. 112. 
§4. Scorzonella. (Scorzonella, Nutt.) Achenia brevia, truncata, hand apice vix basi angustata. Pappus e paleis 10 
brevissimis lato-ovatis integerrimis, arista capillari scabro-denticulata multoties brevioribus, constans. Involucri squama; 
gradatim imbricatae, acuminatae. Caules subramosi plures, e radice perenni tuberosa fusiformi. 
9. C. laciniata. Hymenonema? laciniatum. Hook. FI. Bor.-Jbn. 1, p. 301 Scorzonella laciniata and S. leptosepala? Nutt, 
hi Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7, p. 426; Torr. Sf Gray, FI. 2, p 470. Hymenonema? glaucum, Hook. 1. c., (Scorzonella 
glauca, Null. 1. c.,) is either an allied species, or only an entire-leaved state of C. laciniata. 
§5. Anacalais. Achenia linearia, erostria, omnia glabra. Pappus (sordidus) e paleis 6-9 vel saepissime 10 lanceolatis in¬ 
tegerrimis in aristam longam barbellatam desinentibus. Involucri squamae subgradatim imbricatae, acuminatae. Ligulae exsertae, 
elongatre. Caulis simplex e radice bienni ? gracili vel subfusiformi, basim versus foliosus. 
10. C. sylvatica. Vide supra, p. 112. Scorzonella sylvatica, Benth. PI. Harlw p. 320. 
§ 6. Ptilophora. (Ptilophora, Gray, non Kutzing.) Achenia oblongo-linearia, erostrata. Pappus (albus) e paleis 14-22 
brevissimis aristam praelongam molliter plumosam gerentibus. Involucri squamae inaequales, extimee brevio.es. Ligulae exsertae. 
Caules ramosi, e radice perenni fusiformi vel tuberosa. 
11. C. nutans. Crepis nutans, Geyer. Ptilophora nutans, Gray, PI. Fendl. p. 113. 
12. C. major. Ptilophora major, Gray l. c. 
This last group has greater claims than any of the preceding to rank as distinct from Calais, but too close a transition is found 
in section 5. The name Ptilophora is preoccupied in the Algae. Still it may serve to designate a subgenus in the present 
instance; otherwise the latter may be called Ptilocalais. 
15 i • 
