192 
MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
Plate I.— Fissidens limbatus. 
Fig. 1, plants of the natural size; 2, 2, plants ; 3, 3, stem leaves ; 4, 5, base and apex of stem 
leaves, showing the areolation ; G, cross sections of stem leaf; 7, capsules ; 8, portion of capsule, 
with the peristome viewed from without ; 9, the same viewed from within ; 10, portion of capsule 
wall, showing the areolation ; 11, a tooth of the peristome ; all magnified, except fig. 1. 
Plate I.— Leptodon circinatus. 
Fig. 1, plant in a moist state ; 2, the same when dry, both of the natural size ; 3, portions of 
primary branch and of a branchlet, the former having sterile flowers in the axils of its leaves; 
4, leaf of a branchlet; 5, 6, base and apex of a leaf showing the areolation ; 7, 7, cross sections 
of leaf ; 8, cells of the leaf; 9, 9, paraphyllia ; 10, sterile flower ; 11, the same without perigonial 
leaves ; 12, perigonial leaves ; 13, antheridium with paraphysis ; all enlarged , except figs. 1 and 2. 
Plate II.— Barbula bachyphylla. 
Fig. 1, a sterile and two fertile plants, natural size; 2, a fertile plant ; 3, upper portion of the 
sterile plant showing the terminal perigonium, with a portion of an innovation ; 4, a peri- 
chaetium, with an innovation from its base; 5, 5, leaves from upper part of the stem; 6, leaf 
from lower part of stem ; 7, perichmtial leaf; 8, 9, base and apex of a stem leaf, showing the 
areolation ; 10, cross sections of a stem leaf; 11, capsule, operculum, and calyptra ; 12, capsule 
and operculum ; 13, two peristomes ; 14, portions of peristome and annulus ; 15, portion of a 
tooth of the peristome ; 16, portion of the annulus ; 17, antheridia and paraphyses, perigonial 
leaves, excepting one, removed ; 18, antheridium, paraphysis, and perigonial leaf; all magnified, 
except fig. 1. 
Plate III.— Barbula semitorta. 
Fig. 1, plants of the natural size; 2, a plant; 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, stem leaves ; 4, a perichmtial leaf; 
5, 6, base and apex of stem leaf, showing the areolation ; 7, 7, cross sections of leaf; 8, vaginula 
with archegonia paraphysis and a portion of the pedicel ; 9, archegonium and paraphysis ; 10, 
10, capsules with opercula and calyptra ; 11, calyptra; 12, 12, peristomes ; 13, portions of the 
peristome and annulus ; 14, 15, portions of the teeth of the peristome ; all magnified, except fig. 1. 
Plate IV.— Grimmia Californica. 
Fig. 1, a sterile and three fertile plants, natural size ; 2, a fertile plant; 3, apex of the stem 
hearing the perichmtium vaginula, pedicel, capsule, operculum, and calyptra ; 4, capsule oper¬ 
culum, and calyptra ; 5, capsule and operculum ; 6, capsule ; 7, capsule and portion of the pedicel 
in a dry state ; 8, calyptra ; 9, portion of peristome with annulus, viewed from without; 11, ver¬ 
tical section of the same ; 10, two teeth of the peristome with spores ; 12, perichaatial leaf; 13,14, 
stem leaves ; 15, 17, base and apex of leaf showing the areolation ; 16, cells of the lower part 
of the leaf; 18, apex of the leaf; 19, cells of the upper part of the leaf; 20, sterile flower ; 21, 
perigonial leaf; 22, antheridium; all magnified, except fig. 1. The var. fig. lb. plant of the 
natural size; 2b. a portion of the stem ; 3b. a leaf; both magnified. 
Plate V.— Bryum Bigelovii. 
Fig. 1, two fertile plants ; 2, a sterile plant, all of the natural size; 3, a fertile plant; 4, 4, 
stem leaves ; 5,5, comal leaves ; 6, 7, base and apex of stem leaves, showing the areolation ; 8, 
