CONTENTS. 
7 
axial rocks found in the plain.—Position of serpentine as a massive rock.—Associated minerals.—Elevating power of the 
igneous rocks.—Beds of limonite.—Width of volcanic veins Sedimentary beds.—Different points of observation.— 
Classification of the strata.—Position of Camp 22.—Metamorpliic rocks.—Dip of the sandstones.—Enumeration of the 
strata in the Santa Inez valley.—Gaviote pass.—Peculiar features of.—Elevated terrace of the Santa Barbara shore.— 
Geological structure of.—Enumeration of the strata on the south side of the range.—Probable thickness of the strata.— 
Foraminiferous and asphaltic beds along shore.—Deviation of the shore line.—Evidence of recent upheaval.—Upheaval 
of the strata east of town of Santa Barbara.—Point Rincon.—-Analogy in structure with Questa San Marcus.—Position of 
strata along San Buenaventura river.—Sulphur spring and bitumen beds.—Terraced valley higher up.—Character of the 
district where the sources of the. Buenaventura arise.—Of the fossils contained in the strata on the north side.—Of the 
fossils contained in the strata on the south side.—Relation of the beds on each side of the axis to each other, and to the 
Panza, Santa Margarita, and San Rafael strata. 
CHAPTER XI. 
Geology of the Sierra Susanna and Monica. 
Geographical position of these ranges.—External form of the hills.—The two chains separated by Conejo pass and Semee 
-creek.—Analogy of the strata of the Sierra Susanna with those on the San Buenaventura at Matilihah.—Connexion of 
the range with the Cordilleras.—Sierra Monica.—Trappean rocks.—Slow disintegration.—Effects of.—Absence of timber.— 
Contrast of Semee plain with the valleys of Encima and Triumpho.—Trachytic upheaves.-—Traces of two different vol¬ 
canic forces.—Trachytic rocks and augitic trap.—Enumeration and order of the sedimentary beds.—Fossiliferous sand¬ 
stones and limestones.—List of fossils.—Similarity of the Susanna and Monica ranges.—Occurrence of the asphaltic group 
in the latter range.—Extension into Los Angeles valley.—Thickness of the beds of that group.—Resumd of the structure 
of these beds.—Probable thickness of the sedimentary strata. 
CHAPTER XII. 
Plains of San Fernando , Los Angeles, and San Bernardino. 
Position and extent of the alluvial plain at the base of the Cordilleras.—Subdivision.—Altitude of the plain.—Secondary 
valleys.—Variable fertility.-—Vegetation of the upper plain.—Supply of water by rivers and sequias.—Variety and beauty 
of the flora.—Grape culture.—Oranges.—Apples and peaches.—Number of vineyards in Los Angeles valley.—Manufac¬ 
ture of brandy.—Mode of cultivating the grape.—Stock supported by the valley.—Stock raised in California in 1854.— 
Increase of 1855.—Geological structure of the plain.—Different dip of the strata.—Quarternary deposits.—Artesian 
borings.—Nature of the soft beds.—Origin of the clays and gravel.—Absence of boulders and polar drift.—Boring in 
Sacramento valley.—Variable depths of beds above blue clay.—Length of periods of deposition.—Conditions of the plain 
during the deposit.—Partial denudation of the detritus.—Review of the deposit of quarternary clays. 
CHAPTER XIII. 
Geology of the Cordilleras. 
Chain known by the name of Cordilleras.—Direction.—-Repetitions of the chain.—Passes.—Character of the Cajon pass and 
San Gorgona.—Altitude of the passes.—Conglomerate of the slopes.—Strata in the Cajon pass.—Cause of the dip of the 
strata.—Different aspect of the Cordilleras viewed from the western and eastern sides.—Axial rocks of the Cordilleras.— 
Structure at Warner’s and the Cajon.—The sedimentary strata on the west slopes.—Period of elevation of the chain.—San 
Emilio Mountain.—Geology of the district surrounding.—The most elevated land in southern California.—Peru river.— 
Canons of, through granitic rock.—Segregation of minerals of the granite.—Cestek plain.—Sandstones of, conformable to 
the Cordilleras but not to the Sierra Nevada.—Relative modern appearance of the former range.—Continuity of San Emilio 
with Point Pinos range.—Radiation of the chains from San Emilio district.—Santa Barbara chain elevated independent of 
the Cordilleras.—Direction of the volcanic fissures of the coast ranges. 
