CHAPTER X. 
SANTA BARBARA MOUNTAINS. 
Situation and extent of this range—Absence of primary rock.—Repetition of upheavals.—Secondary axes, their number and 
position.—Eastern limit of the range at san buenayentura river.—Erroneous views put forth by recent writers.—The 
SANTA BARBARA MOUNTAINS MUCH MORE RECENT THAN SAN BERNARDINO.-DIFFERENT POSITION OF THE AXES OF THIS CHAIN FROM 
THAT OF THE OTHER COAST RANGES. GRANITE OF MATILIHAH.—VOLCANIC ROCKS OF THE CHAIN—AmPHIBOLE AND FELSPATHIC. 
Position of the axial rocks found in the plain.—Position of serpentine as a massive rock—Associated minerals.—Ele¬ 
vating POWER OF THE IGNEOUS ROCKS.-BEDS OF LIMONITE.-WlDTH OF VOLCANIC VEINS.-SEDIMENTARY BEDS.-DIFFERENT POINTS 
OF OBSERVATION.-CLASSIFICATION OF THE STRATA.-POSITION OF CAMP XXII—MeTAMORPHIC ROCKS.—DlP OF THE SANDSTONES- 
Enumeration of the strata in the santa Inez valley—Gaviote pass —Peculiar features of.—Elevated terrace of the 
SANTA BARBARA SHORE —GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF.—ENUMERATION OF THE STRATA ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF THE RANGE.—PROBABLE 
THICKNESS OF THE STRATA.-FORAMINIFEROUS AND ASPHALTIC BEDS ALONG SHORE.-DEVIATION OF THE SHORE LINE.-EVIDENCE OF 
RECENT UPHEAVAL.—UPHEAVAL OF THE STRATA EAST OF TOWN OF SANTA BARBARA.—POINT RINCON.—ANALOGY IN STRUCTURE WITH 
QUESTA SAN MARCUS —POSITION OF STRATA ALONG SAN BUENAVENTURA RIVER.—SULPHUR SPRING AND BITUMEN BEDS.—TERRACED 
VALLEY HIGHER UP.—CHARACTER OF THE DISTRICTWHERE THE SOURCES OF THE BUENAVENTURA ARISE.- Of THE FOSSILS CONTAINED IN 
THE STRATA ON THE NORTH SIDE.- Of THE FOSSILS CONTAINED IN THE STRATA ON THE SOUTH SIDE.-RELATION OF THE BEDS ON EACH 
SIDE OF THE AXIS TO EACH OTHER, AND TO THE PANZA, SANTA MARGARITA, AND SAN RAFAEL STRATA. 
This sierra, one of tlie most important and well defined of the ranges in the State, extends in 
a direction nearly east and west, forming the prominent crest of hills observed in sailing from 
Point Concepcion towards San Pedro. The length of the chain is from ninety to one hundred 
miles, the whole extent of Santa Barbara county, and its greatest width, at any point, is not 
more than ten miles, and toward its western edge considerably less. Viewed from the sea, it 
forms a lofty and decided barrier, rising from 1,300 to 2,000 feet above the plain, its naked 
sandstone summits presenting rugged angular sky outlines of an uniform character throughout 
its entire length. The chain is almost unbroken in its entire extent, in one or two places 
only being interrupted, as at Gaviote pass. The Questa San Marcus cannot be deemed, 
properly, a pass, as there is no gorge through the range, but rather a mountain trail, which 
takes a smooth summit as a crossing. 
There is no primary rock observable in the entire chain, the upheaval being produced by 
a series of serpentine and volcanic protrusions, repeated at separate intervals between Point 
Concepcion and the Buenaventura river; at this latter point this chain of hills terminates. 
Between this river and the point as many as five distinct axes of volcanic force can be dis¬ 
tinguished, each of them producing a link or wave in the chain which drops down toward the 
shore, and is replaced by another which lies close at its back, thus forming distinct ridges 
without distinct breaks forming passes. 
These secondary axes are in order from west to east: 
Axis 1. Northern extremity, terminating in Point Arguello and the southern west of the 
Gaviote pass. 
Axis 2. That of Punto Sal and La Purissima, running west of Mission Viejo and east of 
Gaviote Pass. 
Axes 3 and 4. Two small axes occupying the chain along shore from Ortegas ranch to four 
or five miles north of Santa Barbara; axis 4 terminating at Rincon. 
Axis 5. Axis terminating four miles up the San Buenaventura river. 
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