RELATION OF FOSSILS TO THE STRATA. 
77 
lates in hollows. This sandstone corresponds to the third bed, mentioned above as north of 
Semee; it included a bed of bluish limestone, a compact, and heavy rock. The whole mass of 
sandstone rises about 600 feet above the plain, has an easterly trend extending to San Fernando 
plain. 
Both this brown sandstone and the included limestones were fossiliferous, the latter abounded 
in vegetable remains and estuary shells. The sandstone fossils were few and very difficult of 
preservation. The following species were collected from these strata, the descriptions of which 
are found in the Palaeontological Report appended : Lutraria transmontana, Axinea Barbccrensis, 
Natica Inezana, Ostrea subjecta, Oyclas permacra, Tapes montana, Perna montana, Tapes 
Inezensis. 
Except tapes montana, lutraria, and perna, the other fossils were found in the hills hound¬ 
ing the plain of Santa Barbara, and lying at the base of the Santa Inez range. 
As the reddish sand rock which forms the base of the Monica hills is also found in the Susanna 
range, there can be hut little doubt that these mountains are hut repetitions of each other, and 
both hut the continuations of the strata immediately superimposed upon the Santa Inez range of 
sandstones lying further west. The existence of mytilus Inezensis in this shows the continuity 
of the bed, although otherwise not containing many fossils. 
Tapes, lutraria, natica, and perna were found in the layer of limestone described as existing 
in the yellow sandstone, (bed 3.) Ostrea subjecta was not found in place by the writer, but was 
brought in and described as found in a very loose clay rock ; its position must have been 
superior to any of the other fossils of this section. This limestone was probably of estuary or 
lacustrine origin, judging from the minute paludinal shell present in it, and from a nodule of it 
containing some fibres of endogenous wood. The whole nucleus was silicified and of a brownish 
hue. 
Lying above the foregoing series of rocks, hut not observed occurring everywhere throughout 
this range of hills, are the beds of sandstone grit and fine argillite rock which we have described 
in connection with the bituminous rock almost wherever examined. It is in this range seen at 
the eastern edge, in the valley of Los Angeles, north of the town, where the asphalt springs 
exist. It also constitutes the uppermost strata of the hills at the coast near San Pedro. At 
these two points in this twenty miles apart the dip varies. At San Pedro it is a gentle dip 
northward. At Los Angeles it is almost vertical. In the latter place the strata are hard, ring 
to the hammer, and are rendered metamorphic by the volcanic protrusions. At San Pedro they 
are soft clay and sandstones. These upper beds of the sierra are the same as described under 
the term of asphaltic and foraminiferous beds when treating of the valley of San Luis. In these 
hills (Sierra Monica) they appear unaccompanied by the trappean conglomerate reported in that 
valley as being the inferior stratum ; at least this conglomerate was not recognized from Point 
Concepcion eastward. Here, also, the upper strata are less thick, not more than 175 feet. 
North of Los Angeles they occur in this order : 
Yellow clay rock, shaly. 30 feet. 
Whitish soft argillite. 25 feet. 
Yellow sandstone, with quartz layers, bituminous. 120 feet. 
Total thickness of upper beds... 175 feet. 
As the lithological and fossil characters of these beds have been already described, it is un¬ 
necessary to repeat them here. 
