VARIOUS BANDS OF THE APACHE NATION. 
119 
4. The CMricagiii nation takes its name from the principal mountain it inhabits. On the 
north it adjoins the Tontos and Moquinos; on the east the Gilehos; and on the south and west 
the province of Sonora. 
5. The Gilehos inhabit the mountains immediately on the river Gila, from which they take 
their name. They are hounded on the west by the Cliiricaguis; on the north by the province 
of New Mexico; on the east by the Mimbreno tribe; and on the south by our frontier. 
6. The Mimbrehos are a very numerous tribe, and take their name from the river and moun¬ 
tains of the Mimbres.* They are bounded on the west by the Gilenos; on the north by 
Netv Mexico; on the east by the same province; and on the south by the frontier of Nueva 
Vizcaya. 
7. The Taracone Indians compose also a very large tribe, and are believed to be a branch of 
the Xicarillas. They inhabit the mountains between the river Grande del Norte and the Pecos ; 
are bounded on the west by the province of New Mexico; on the north by the same; on the 
east by the Mescaleros; and on the south by a part of the frontier of Nueva Vizcaya. 
8. The Mescalero f nation inhabits the mountains on both banks of the river Pecos, as far 
as the mountains that form the head of the Bolson de Mapimi, and there terminate on the right 
bank of the Rio Grande. Its limit on the west is the tribe of the Taracones; on the north, the 
extensive territories of the Comanche people ; on the east, the coast of the Llanero Indians; and 
on the south, the desert Bolson de Mapimi. 
9. The Llanero% tribe is very numerous, and has a great many warriors. It occupies the 
great plains and sands that lie between the Pecos and the left bank of the river Grande del 
Norte. This tribe consists of three divisions—the Natajes, Lipiyanes, and Llaneros. They 
are bounded on the west by the Mescaleros ; on the north by the Comanches; on the east by the 
Lipanes; and on the south by our frontier of the province of Cohagiiila. 
10. The Lqoanes form one of the most considerable of the savage nations in the north of New 
Spain. They extend over a vast territory, the limits of which, on the west, are the lands of 
the Llaneros; on the north, the Comanche country; on the east, the province of Cohagiiila; 
and on the south, the left bank of the Rio Grande del Norte; there being on the right the mili¬ 
tary posts ( presidios ) of our frontiers of Cohagiiila. 
11. The tribe of the Navajo Indians is the most northern of the Apaches. They inhabit the 
table-lands and mountains of the territory called Navajo, from which the tribe gets its name.§ 
They do not change their seats, like the rest of the Apache nation; and they have formed in 
that country their places ( lugares ), or fixed habitations, known by the names of Sevolleta, 
Chicoli, Guadalupe, Cerro Cavezon, Agua Salada, Cerro Chato, Chusca, Tumicha, Chelle, and 
Carrizo. They are all governed by the captain, whom they respect, and whose appointment 
is, in reality, subject to the approval of the governor of the province of New Mexico. They 
are bounded on the west by the Moquinos, on the north by the Yutahs, on the east by the 
Pueblos of New Mexico, and on the south by the Gilehos and Cliiricaguis. 
12. The Apaches Xicarillas anciently inhabited the forests of that name in the far territories 
to the north of New Mexico, until they were driven out by the Comanches, and now live on 
the limits of the province, some of them having gone into the chasms (cahadas) and moun¬ 
tains between Pecuries and Taos, which are the last towns of the province. 
° A Spanish word signifying willows. 
f Me.ccal, a spirituous liquor distilled from the American aloe or maguey ; the meaning of the name, probably, is drinkers 
of mescal. 
J The people of the plain—from the Spanish word llano. 
§ Mrs. M. H. Eastman, in writing of these tribes of the Apaches, says: “Their name is said to signify ‘men,’ aid to it 
the Spaniards have, long since, added other words to distinguish the several tribes. These names are taken from some ani¬ 
mal, or from a feature of the country, or peculiar product of the soil which they inhabit and wander over. Navaj6, if 
Spanish, could well enough have come from navajo, ‘long knife,’ a name this people give to a mountain whereon there is 
obsidian, or volcanic glass, which the native inhabitants split into instruments for cutting.’’ Chicora: 1854. 
