120 
APACHE LANGUAGE.—AGRICULTURE, ARTS, AND COMMERCE. 
13. The Yutah nation is very numerous, and is also made up of many hands, which are to he 
distinguished only by their names, and live in perfect agreement and harmony. Four of these 
hands, called Noaches, Payuches, Tabiachis, and Sogup, are accustomed to occupy lands within 
the province of New Mexico, or very near it, to the north and northeast. Beyond these, after 
passing a country of more than two hundred leagues in extent to the northward, thence to the 
northwest, other Indians inhabit, called Zaguaganas, whose number is very considerable. 
SECTION III. 
Of the language of the Apache Indians, and of their physical characteristics. 
1. The language which all the nations speak, that bear the name of Apache, is one and the 
same. Some differ from the rest in their accent, or in having, here and there, a peculiar local 
word; but without this difference ever being sufficient to prevent them from understanding 
each other, even though the territories in which they may have been born should be far apart. 
The utterance of the language is very violent, but it is not so difficult to speak as the first 
impression of it would lead one to suppose; for the ear, becoming accustomed to the sound, 
discovers a cadence in the words. It is to be remarked that it has great poverty, both of 
expression and words; and this is the cause of that burdensome repetition which makes con¬ 
versation very diffuse, abounding with gesture. What is most remarkable is the sound pro¬ 
duced at the same time by the tongue and throat, which the speaker impels with unnatural 
force, that he may thereby render himself the more intelligible. 
SECTION VII. 
State of agriculture, arts, and commerce among the Apache tribes, and of the use they make of coin. 
1. The genius of the Apache is little agricultural, and with the gathering of wild seed he 
satisfies his present want; though some of the tribes, aware that with very little labor they may 
subsist, by the exuberance of the soil, with comparative ease, plant the grain and pulse obtained 
from us, and of which they are becoming fond. But among the hordes that have inclined 
most to this species of natural industry, it is not the men who have engaged in it; the women, 
besides the duties already described, and the more material ones of carrying wood and water, 
plant and rear the cereals, protecting them until ripe, and then seek others that grow wild. 
2. The Coyotero Indians raise small quantities of maize, beans, and a few legumens. The 
Navajos plant, in their season, maize, pumpkins, and some other fruits and vegetables, all 
which they raise in great plenty, and have store for the year round. The Xicarillas also plant 
maize, beans, pumpkins, and some little tobacco, in the chasms (cahadas) of the mountains 
where they live. 
3. Except the Navajos, none of the nations have turned their attention to the breeding of 
animals, notwithstanding the wonderful facilities they have for so doing. They raise sheep 
and cows in considerable numbers, and a few droves of horses. 
4. All their arts and manufactures are comprised in dressing well the skins with which to 
cover them, and to traffic in the Spanish settlements; the perfection of this skill being greatest 
among the Mescaleros, Lipanes, Xicarillas, and Yutalis. However, the Navajos have manufac¬ 
tures of serge, blankets, and other coarse cloths, which more than suffice for the consumption 
of their own people; and they go to the province of New Mexico with the surplus, and there 
exchange their goods for such others as they have not, or for the implements they need. 
