NATIONS THAT BORDER UPON THE GILA AND COLORADO RIVERS. 
123 
movement has heen made to put it into execution. To this end, the troops of Sonora are being 
equipped; a corvette of the department of San Bias aids in the expedition, and two or three 
vessels of troops from the companies stationed at the port of that name on the South sea. The 
preparations awaken a great deal of interest; and the force has grown to he so large that it may 
he said, with positiveness, not one-third can operate; and altogether there is reason to fear that 
the Tiburones and Tepocas will not be finally dealt with in the way that it has been hoped. 
OF THE PIMAS, PAPAG0S, AND COCO-MARICOPAS. 
1. On the hither side of the Gila, and over the territory which extends to the boundary that 
is considered to limit the province of Sonora, are established the Pimas Gilehos, also called 
Pimas Altos. The nation consists of twenty-five hundred souls, who live in the towns of San 
Juan Capistrano, Sutaquison, Atison, Tubuscabor, and San Seferino de fSTapgub. They are 
social and much united. Their weapons are those common to Indians, and they are generally 
at war with the Apaches, and some nation or other of the Colorado. They cover themselves 
with cotton and Avoolen blankets of their own manufacture. They cultivate the earth, and 
each proprietor lives near his field. They raise Avheat, maize, cotton, and other crops, for 
the irrigation of which they have Avell-constructed canals ( acequias ). They have farms for 
the breeding of horses, sheep, and poultry. 
2. The Papagos, a nation of four thousand persons, inhabit the country from the farthest 
limit of Sonora, along the sea, nearly to the mouth of the river Colorado. They speak the same 
language as the Pimas, and dress after the same manner. They are made up of several hordes; 
their customs are alike; and in their friendships, as in their enmities, they ever accord with 
their neighbors. 
3. The Opa, or Coco-Maricopa Indians, as they are commonly called, live on the farther side 
of the river Gila, near the river Ascencion. Their number is more than three thousand, and 
they are divided into several hordes. Their language is that of the Yumas; they are of the 
same character as the Pimas, and dress themselves like them. Without the necessity of irriga¬ 
tion, they gather two crops of grain from their fields in the year. In all other matters they 
differ but little from the Papagos and Pimas, with whom they live in great harmony. 
SECTION V. 
Of the nations of the river Colorado, and of those to the ivest and northwest of them , in succession , 
as far as the coasts of Upper California. 
1. The Cucdpa nation consists of about three thousand souls, is divided into separate tribes, 
Avhich are settled on the right bank of the river Colorado, from latitude 32° 18' upward. On 
the opposite shore, and eleven leagues to the northeast, begins the Talliguamayque nation, 
about tAVO thousand persons in number. They are very active, of a clearer complexion than 
any other people of those parts, and dress with much neatness. The Cajuenches, avIio are as 
many as three thousand, live in a delightful country, on the same bank with the Talligiiamais, 
and very near them. These three nations raise maize, beans ( frijoles ), and pumpkins in great 
abundance, as they do also musk-melons and water-melons. The Cajuenches are accustomed 
to fishing, and sometimes subsist altogether on Avliat they catch. They are of a vivacious 
nature, and amuse themselves Avith dancing, which is their chief pastime. They, as Avell as 
the Talliguamays, erect their huts ( jacales *) in the order of an encampment, enclosing them 
with stockades to shelter them in the event of attack, and to prevent surprise by an enemy. 
2. The Yuma nation, consisting of three thousand persons, is established on the right bank 
of the Colorado. They are neighbors of the Cucapas, and their hordes, farthest down, begin 
® From the Mexican word xacalli, a hut of straw. 
