XVI 
INTRODUCTION’ . 
and proceeded from Fort Riley to Bridger’s Pass, and back by a different route for a portion 
of tbe distance. 
12. Explorations of Red river, by Captain R. B. Marcy, and aided by Captain G. B. 
McClellan, accompanied by Dr. G-. G. Shumard, as surgeon and naturalist. 
The remaining less strictly official collections from the west, used in this report, were made 
chiefly by tbe following parties and persons: 
Colonel Alfred Vaughan, Indian agent, and Dr. F. V. Hayden, in 1854 and 1855.— 
Their explorations were of tbe Missouri river from Council Bluffs to Fort Benton, the Yellow¬ 
stone, for a considerable portion of its extent, and various points between the Platte and Upper 
Missouri, including the Black hills. 
Lieut. W. P. Trowbridge, on the Pacific coast, at San Diego, San Miguel, Monterey, San 
Francisco, Bodega, Humboldt Bay, Port Orford, Astoria, and Cape Flattery. His collections 
were made while engaged on tidal observations for the Coast Survey, assisted by Messrs. Andrew 
Cassidy, Jas. Wayne, and T. A. Szabo. 
Richard D. Cutts, also on Coast Survey duty. Collections made chiefly near San Francisco. 
Dr. John F. Hammond, U. S. A., at Fort Reading and San Diego. 
E. Samuels, at Petaluma, Tomales Bay, and the Redwoods, California. Mr. Samuels was 
sent out by the Smithsonian Institution and the Boston Natural History Society. 
Major G. H. Thomas, at Fort Yuma, California. In making his collections, Major Thomas 
was assisted by Lieut. Dubarry, Lieut. R. E. Patterson, and Dr. R. 0. Abbott, U. S. A. 
Dr. W. S. King, U. S. A., at San Diego. 
Dr. J. L. Leconte, at various points in California; A. S. Taylor, at Monterey, California; 
and A. J. Grayson, at San Jose; Dr. W. 0. Ayres, at San Francisco; Dr. C. C. Boyle, on 
the American river. 
Lieut. Nugen, in the Cascade Mountains; Dr. Potts, U. S. A., at Fort Jones; Dr. W. F. 
Tolmie, at Fort Nisqually. 
Dr. Swift, U. S. A., at Fort Chadbourne, Texas ; Dr. Anderson, U. S. A., at Fort McKavit; 
Dr. L. A. Edwards, U. S, A., in Texas and Arkansas; Dr. S. W. Crawford, U. S. A., at 
Fort Bliss, Texas ; Gustavus Wurdemann, on the coast of Texas. 
Dr. W. A. Hammond, U. S. A., at Fort Riley, aided by L. X. de Vesey ; Lieut. Couch at Fort 
Leavenworth ; Dr. Wm, Hammond, at Fort Kearney ; Capt. S. Van Vliet, at Fort Laramie and 
at Brownsville, Texas ; Major J. H. Carleton, at Fort Laramie ; Alexander Culbertson, as also 
Messrs. Edward T. Denig and Ferdinand Culbertson, of the American Fur company, and 
Thaddeus A. Culbertson, on the Upper Missouri; J. S. Bowman, during several trips across the 
plains from St. Louis to San Francisco. 
Dr. J. F. Head, IT. S. A., at Fort Ripley, Minn., aided by the Rev. S. W. Manney. Charles 
Cavileer, at Pembina,' Minn. 
Major E. S. Sibley, at Fort Union, New Mexico. 
A more detailed account of the collections and expeditions referred to above will be found in 
the reports of the Smithsonian Institution.—(Sixth to the eleventh, 1851-1856.) A notice of 
the collections from the eastern portions of the United States, used for purposes of comparison, 
will also be found in the same series. 
The very rich collections made by the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey in Texas 
New Mexico, and California, are described in detail in its report, which also embraces notices 
of the results of the explorations in Texas and northern Mexico, by Dr. Berlandier, Mr. John 
