RODFNTIA-SCIURINAE-ARCTOMYS MONAX. 
341 
The feet are rather large, the palms and soles entirely naked ; the latter from the heel and 
well wrinkled. There are five callosities on the palm—three anterior, and two posterior much 
larger. Of the former, the outer ones are situated at the base of the outer (longer) fingers ; 
the central one between the bases of the two central long toes, (third and fourth.) This is 
largest and as if formed by the confluence of two situated like the others. On the soles there 
are six callosities or tubercles—four anterior over the bases of the toes, except the third, which 
is larger, and between the bases of the third and fourth. The two posterior are very low and 
scarcely appreciable. 
The thumb of the hand or fore foot is excessively rudimentary, like a mere wart, and would 
be scarcely appreciable but for the broad, short nail, with its subjacent pad. The fore claws 
are considerably longer than the hinder ones. In the hand, the claw of the third finger projects 
furthest; the fourth comes next, reaching nearly as far as the third ; the second is a little 
shorter. The claw of the fifth extends as far as the end of the fourth finger. 
The second and third toes of the hind foot, with their claws, are about equal and longest; 
the fourth is a little shorter. The claws of the first and fifth do not quite reach the last 
articulation of their adjacent toes. The tip of the claw of the first toe extends about as far as 
the middle of the fifth claw. There is a slight web at the base of the fingers and toes. 
On slightly everting the anus (of the male) there are visible, just within its inner edge, three 
glandular papillae—one anterior, and two lateral—themselves capable of considerable protrusion 
(one-fourth of an inch) by eversion, when they are conical, and white and like the teats of a 
cow. During life these may frequently be seen in a state of constant protrusion and retraction, 
at first sight giving the impression of large ascarides. These appear to secrete a thickened 
matter, white, and of a slightly offensive smell. 
The stomach is simple, shaped much like that of man ; the coecum is very large and full, in 
shape and size not dissimilar to the stomach ; no partitions distinguishable. The gall bladder 
is distinct. 
The predominant color of the outer surface of the hair of the specimen is a lustrous deep black, 
especially on the hinder part of the back and belly, the tail, legs, the nape, and top of the 
head. On the shoulders, sides of the body and neck, cheeks below the eyes, whole under parts, 
except posteriorly, there is a strongly distinct hoariness, caused by a subterminal space of silver 
grayish white, which, on the under parts of the body and legs, passes gradually into a brownish 
chestnut, (the mesial line of the belly lighter.) There is also a distinct ring of whitish round 
the muzzle, the posterior edge of which is about half way between the eye and nostril, or 
perhaps the muzzle may be described as grayish white, excepting the extreme'end, which is 
black. 
The above remarks respecting color apply, however, exclusively to the long coarse hairs. 
The intermediate soft hairs are generally of a dark plumbeous black at the base, and of a tinge 
of whitish at the tip, varying with the region from light brownish to dull gray, through chest¬ 
nut, darkest towards the ends of the hairs. The chestnut tinge predominates on the posterior 
half of the body. On the sides of the body, anteriorly, these hairs are more annulated, there 
being a second dark bar separated from the basal one by a somewhat lighter one, making four 
rings, the terminal one again almost divided into one grayish and one reddish white. The 
basal fur on the belly is, however, very scant and mostly black. The hairs on the tail are 
entirely black. The incisors are white. 
Another specimen, from the same litter in all probability, differs in having all the long hairs 
