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U. S. P. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS-ZOOLOGY-GENERAL REPORT. 
and shoulders is abruptly much longer and more bristly. Tbe bairs immediately along the 
median line are considerably longer, but does not form a mane. Tbe hairs along tbe throat on 
tbe under surface of tbe neck, extending to between tbe fore legs, is much longest and 
pendulous. Tbe bairs in tbe whitish rump-patch are longer than elsewhere on tbe buttocks. 
Tbe prevailing color of an adult male before me is a reddish brown, darker on tbe bead and 
neck, lighter and with more of a yellowish tint on tbe back and sides ; there is a decided tinge 
of brownish chestnut about tbe bead, and on the inferior line of the body from tbe chin almost 
as far as the bind legs ; throughout this region it is much mixed with black, especially on tbe 
throat and under the belly. On tbe lower part and sides of tbe throat tbe bristly hairs are of a 
very dark brown, almost black, the tips only chestnut; tbe extent of this tip decreasing 
interiorly; tbe ventral line of dusky is without chestnut tips. The upper surface of tbe muzzle 
is rather dusky ; tbe sides of tbe upper jaw of a paler chestnut than elsewhere on tbe bead ; the 
anterior portion of tbe upper lip whitish. There is a very conspicuous mark on tbe chin in the 
presence of a brownish yellow patch on each side, (tbe two confluent on tbe anterior edge of the 
lip,) which run back three or four inches, then suddenly contracting and runinng out to a point, 
cease before reaching the angle of tbe mouth. These enclose between them a dark brown space. 
There is also another inferior median yellowish patch about opposite tbe middle of tbe lower 
jaw. There is a yellowish patch on tbe anterior and posterior edges of tbe ear, tbe concavity of 
which is yellowish, in strong contrast to tbe chestnut of its dorsal surface. 
Tbe edges of tbe orbits are dusky, but there is nothing of any light ring round tbe eye, except 
an occasional lightening of tbe ground color. 
On tbe posterior part of tbe back, about a foot anterior to tbe tail, is a patch of pale yellowish 
brown, commencing as an angle and passing obliquely backward on each side, intersecting the 
posterior outline of tbe body about as far below the tail as it commenced anterior to it. This is 
well defined against the darker shade of tbe body, but is rendered still more conspicuous by a 
distinct broad dusky border beginning on either side, about opposite its middle, and passing 
backwards, then down tbe posterior face of tbe hind legs until it is lost in tbe general tint of 
tbe legs. All tbe legs are of a dusky chestnut brown, considerably darker than tbe ground 
color of tbe body. 
I have no winter skins before me, and cannot describe their colors at this season, although, 
according to Audubon and Bachman, the hair is of a dark gray all over tbe body. 
Summer specimens vary in having tbe ears much more dusky brown, with a narrow line of 
the same along tbe back of tbe neck. Tbe legs are sometimes darker, sometimes as light as 
the back. The back is sometimes redder than as just described. In none have I ever seen 
anything of a pure or even tolerably pure white color in any part of body. 
Length of No. 2013, from nose to root of tail, 8 feet 8 inches. 
I have never had an opportunity of examining tbe skin of the European stag, tbe analogue of 
our species, but tbe differences are said to be very decided. Thus, according to Audubon and 
Bachman, tbe American animal is fully one foot higher at tbe shoulders ; tbe upper parts and 
lower jaw yellowish brown, instead of blackish brown ; the circle around tbe eye brown, instead 
of white, &c. J. E. Grray gives tbe diagnosis of the two species as follows : 
Cervus canadensis. Hoofs broad, semi-circular ; tail very short; withers covered with softer 
