644 
U. S. P. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS-ZOOLOGY-GENERAL REPORT. 
Cervus ( Cariacus ) virginianus, J. E. Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, 1850, 66 ; tab. xlvi. (winter sp. from Texas an 
C. mexicanus?)— Is. Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond. XVIII, 1850, 238. 
Cervus dama amerieana, Erxleben, Syst. An. 1777, 312. 
Cervus strongyloceros, Autenbieth, in Sckreber Saugt. V, 1836. 1 (!) 1074. Text, not the figure. 
Virginian deer, Pennant, Synopsis, 1771, 51.— Ib. Hist. Quad. 1781, No. 46.— Ib. Arctic Zoology, I, 1784, 28. 
Le Cerf de Virginie, St. Hilaib.e & Cuv, Hist, des Mammif. IV, 1819, plate, (J, o. 
Cerf a dagues, Ib. (Spike buck.) 
Cerf de la Louisiane, Ib. (female.) 
Sp. Ch. —Horns witb the branches all from the posterior edge. Ears scarcely more than half the length of the tail. 
Gland of hind leg not one-eighth the distance between the articulating surfaces of the bone. Tail depressed, hairy beneath; 
dark brown near the tip, but encircled by white on sides and tip; entirely white beneath. Winter coat, pale grayish 
chestnut, faintly annulated ; summer, bright uniform rufous. Chin with a transverse band of black ; and behind this One 
of the color of the sides of the head. 
Young male, killed September 10, 1855. Not quite three months old. Elizabethtown, New 
York. 
Form very slender, delicate and graceful. Head, acutely pointed ; the outline of the muzzle 
slightly concave. Anterior can thus of the eye about midway between the end of nose and the back 
of head, or posterior base of the ear. The eye itself is full and large, with a fringe of eyelashes 
on the posterior half of the upper lid, and longer scattering bristles above these and on the 
lower lid. The larmier is quite deep, elongated obliquely ; its deepest part about half an inch 
in front of the eye ; it is naked except around the margin, as also is the space between it and 
the eye. The naked muffle is broader than high, and extends back on the upper surface of the 
Fig. 12. Cervus virginianus: End of the muzzle, as seen obliquely from above and in front. The figure is to be considered 
simply as a di igram, having been taken from a much distorted skin (not from the animal here described); it is only inten¬ 
ded to show the general outline of the naked portion. 
muzzle for nearly its height at the end ; its postero-superior edge is straight; its infero-lateral 
ones are likewise straight, but inclined to each other, so that if produced they would unite below 
and form an equilateral triangle, with a line connecting their upper ends. The nostrils are 
crescentic ; the convexity inferior ; their direction parallel with the outline of the muzzle ; the 
anterior half of the crescent is in the naked muffle, the posterior covered with hair far over the 
inside; anteriorly they are distant about seven lines, or nearly the width of the lower part of the 
muffle. The nostrils, however, have almost everywhere short, sparse hairs. The surface of the 
naked muffle is divided by narrow furrows into subbexagonal spaces. 
The lips are fleshy ; the edges and inner margins dark colored, covered with short, angular, 
flat, tooth-shaped, cartilaginous processes. 
1 1 cannot find the date of tbe original edition of tbis portion of Schreber’s work ; it is probably about 1792. The title 
page of the volume as completed gives 1836. 
