586 U. S. P. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS—ZOOLOGY-GENERAL REPORT. 
entirely Mack. The sides are of a more unmixed ashy gray. The upper part of the chest and 
the throat are gray, with a slight tinge of rusty. The anterior surface of the fore legs, with 
the exterior faces of the hind legs, similar. The under surface of head, the eyelids, the abdo¬ 
men, limbs, with the exceptions as stated, with the tail are smoky white ; the latter ash colored 
along the median line above. The sides and ends of the snout are tinged with rusty. The 
under surfaces of the feet are grayish brown. The nape and hack of the neck are smoky white, 
(grayish on the median line,) this color running up and occupying the entire inner surface of 
the ear and its posterior margin, except for three quarters of an inch at the tip, where they are 
sooty brown, the margin at the same time becoming creamy in color. The external and 
internal hands are like the hack The anterior fringe is composed of very long hairs of a red¬ 
dish white color. 
The specimen thus described, No. 85, was collected by Mr. Townsend on the hanks of the 
Columbia river, and corresponds to the Lepus townsendii of Dr. Bachman. 
Another specimen, No. 223, collected at Fort Union, in 1853, by Dr. Suckley, agrees in all 
respects except that the sides of the head are tinged with pale rusty. There is more white on 
the legs, and the tail is pure white. The ears are rather shorter, although the specimen is 
smaller. 
A specimen, No. 69, collected in winter, at Fort Union, by Mr. Alexander Culbertson, is 
pure white all over, with a yellowish tinge. The hairs on the hack are snow white for half 
their length from the base, then shading into very pale reddish brown, and finally tipped 
largely with yellowish white. The central darker color, however, does not show except when 
the fur is parted. On the sides of the neck and shoulders these hairs are slightly plumbeous at the 
base ; along the flanks and beneath, as well as on the entire tail, they are pure white throughout. 
The internal and external fringes are reddish white, the hairs brown at their bases ; the tip of 
the ear, for an inch, (except on the outer hand,) is brown. The soles of the feet are yellowish. 
The fur is very soft and full, more or less crimped and curled at the basal half. The long 
scattered hairs on the hack are two inches long ; the average of the fur about one and a half inch. 
The skull (972) of the winter specimen, No. 67, compared with that of L. callotis, (1191,) 
of the same size, shows the molars further removed from the front of the canines ; the anterior 
upper molar considerably smaller ; the zygomatic arch much lower anteriorly, and the sepa¬ 
ration of the zygomata and the temples greater; the lower molars narrower ; the lower jaw 
narrower and shorter. 
This species inhabits the northern part of the United States from the Missouri river to 
the Columbia. It is quite abundant on the Missouri, and extends as far south as the Platte at 
Fort Kearney. Dr. Suckley collected one specimen near Fort Boise. 
This species was first described by Dr. Richardson as the Lepus virginianus , supposing it to 
he what is now known as L. americanus. Dr. Bachman gave to it the name of L. campestris, 
and subsequently receiving a specimen from Mr. Townsend, and assured by him that it did not 
turn white in winter, he named it L. townsendii. He has, however, since then suspected that 
the L. townsendii did become white in winter, and was identically the same with L. campestris. 
This supposition has been verified by the reception of specimens from Fort Union, both in 
summer and winter dress ; the former agreeing precisely with a summer specimen collected by 
Mr. Townsend on the banks of the Columbia river. 
