CHAPTER VIII 
FROGS AND TOADS 
F ROGS and toads belong to a class of 
animals known as tailless batrachians, 
thereby distinguishing them from their allies 
the newts and salamanders which possess a 
caudal appendage. 
Although the terms “ frog 55 and “ toad ” 
appear to be somewhat elastic ones—some 
members of the tailless batrachians being 
referred to just as frequently under the one 
name as under the other—yet as a rough and 
ready means of distinguishing the two it may 
be mentioned that the typical frogs possess 
teeth in the upper jaw, whereas the true toads 
are toothless. 
Nearly twelve hundred different species of 
frogs and toads are known. They are found 
in most parts of the world, being absent, 
however, in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, 
and in deserts where there is insufficient 
moisture to sustain their lives. 
The young, known as tadpoles, originate 
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