ALASKA. 
61 
to the time of cession of Alaska co the United States, Russia never asserted 
in fact or exercised any exclusive jurisdiction in Bering’s Sea or any exclusive 
rights in the seal fisheries therein beyond the ordinary limit of territorial waters. 
As to the second of the said five points, we, the said Baron de Courcel, Mr. 
Justice Harlan, Lord Hannen, Sir John Thompson, Marquis Visconti Venosta, 
and Mr. Gregers Gram, being a majority of the said arbitrators, do decide and 
determine that Great Britain did not recognize or concede any claim, upon the 
part of Russia, to exclusive jurisdiction as to the seal fisheries in Bering Sea, 
outside of ordinary territorial waters. 
As to the third of the said five points, as to so much thereof as requires us 
to decide whether the body of water now known as the Bering Sea was included 
in the phrase “ Pacific Ocean” as used in the treaty of 1825 between Great 
Britain and Russia, we, the said arbitrators, do unanimously decide and deter¬ 
mine that the body of water now known as the Bering Sea was included in the 
phrase ** Pacific Ocean ” as used in the said treaty. 
And as to so much of the said third point as requires us to decide what 
rights, if any, in the Bering Sea were held and exclusively exercised by Russia 
after the said treaty of 1825, we, the said Baron de Courcel, Mr. Justice Har¬ 
lan, Lord Hannen, Sir John Thompson, Marquis Visconti Venosta, and Mr. 
Gregers Gram, being a majority of the said arbitrators, do decide and deter¬ 
mine that no exclusive rights of jurisdiction in Bering Sea, and no exclusive 
rights as to the seal fisheries therein, were held or exercised by Russia outside 
of ordinary territorial waters after the treaty of 1825. 
As to the fourth of the said five points, we, the said arbitrators, do unani¬ 
mously decide and determine that all the rights of Russia as to jurisdiction and 
as to the seal fisheries in Bering Sea, east of the water boundary, in the treaty 
between the United States and Russia of the 3°th March, 1867, did pass unim¬ 
paired to the United States under the said treaty. 
As to the fifth of the said five points, we, the said Baron de Courcel, Lord 
Hannen, Sir John Thompson, Marquis Visconti Venosta, and M. Gregers 
Gram being a majority of the said arbitrators, do decide and determine that 
the United States has not any right of protection or property in the fur seals 
frequenting the islands of the United States in Bering Sea, when such seals are 
found outside the ordinary three-mile limit. 
And whereas the aforesaid determination of the foregoing questions as to the 
exclusive jurisdiction of the United States mentioned in Article A I leaves the 
subject in such a position that the concurrence of Great Britain is necessary to 
the establishment of regulations for the proper protection and preservation of 
the fur seal in or habitually resorting to the Bering Sea, the tribunal having 
