122 
REVIEWS. 
impression of some of the scenes they witnessed, they have occasionally 
degenerated into a species of fine writing, the effect of which is some¬ 
times to confuse the reader. 
Dr. Sutherland’s hook is too long, and although it contains many 
valuable observations on natural science, they have to be sought for in 
the confused details of sledge journeys, which are uninteresting except 
to those personally engaged in them. Dr. Petermann’s Chart of the 
physical features of the Arctic regions, which accompanies the first vo¬ 
lume, contains many points on which we do not yet possess sufficient 
data to form an opinion. 
His indication of the probable route of the Pranklin Expedition is 
singularly infelicitous. 
The Appendix to the second volume contains valuable Tables of 
Temperature and Tides, and descriptions of the Algae, Crustaceans, 
Echinoderms, and Silurian Eossils brought home by Dr. Sutherland. In 
the preparation of the Appendix the writer was assisted by Professors 
Dickie, Eorbes, and Huxley; and by Mr. Gray, Dr. Baird, and Mr. 
Salter. The collection brought home and described is very valuable, 
and the new species are illustrated by two lithographic plates of the 
fossils, and by woodcuts of the new Entomostraca. 
The regions visited by the “Lady Eranklin” and “ Sophia” in the 
"Wellington Channel were exclusively composed of Silurian limestone,— 
a circumstance which accounts for the fact that there is not a single 
specimen described of the Carboniferous or Liassic fossils which were 
found by the more northern and western searching parties. 
Dr. Kane’s second Expedition is so well known that we do not feel 
it necessary to make any extracts from it, and we shall only make use 
of it to establish an additional fact in support of our theory of the 
meeting of the Arctic and Atlantic Tides, and our assertion that vessels 
attempting to cross this natural barrier will probably become perma¬ 
nently blocked up in the thick pack formed by the meeting of the op¬ 
posing Tidal Currents. 
Kane’s Sea, on the eastern shore of which the “ Advance” was 
abandoned; is a narrow strait, entered on the south by Smith’s Sound, 
and on the north by Kennedy Channel. It is almost completely blocked 
up with heavy drift and pack-ice from 78° 20' to 80° 15' H. latitude; 
outside these boundaries, to the south and north, there is open water, 
caused, as we conceive, by the rapid tidal streams of the Atlantic and 
Arctic Polar seas. 
At Cape Andrew Jackson, where the open water to the north is first 
met with, the current of the tide runs south and north with great rapi¬ 
dity. In the words of Mr. Morton— 
“ The tide was running very fast. The pieces of heaviest draught floated by nearly 
as fast as the ordinary walk of a man, and the surface pieces passed them much faster, at 
least four knots. On their examination the night before, the tide was from the north, 
running southward, carrying very little ice. The ice which was now moving so fast to 
northward seemed to be the broken land-ice around the Cape and the loose edge of the 
south ice.”—Vol. i., p. 288. 
