16 
PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 
The following gentlemen were then admitted as Members of the 
Society:— 
Bobert Beeves, Esq.; Bichard Dowse, Esq.; William J. Welland, 
Esq.; Bev. Joseph Carson, D. D.; Bev. Thomas Stack; Bev. Eugene 
O’Meara; George Bolton, Esq., Jun.; W. H. Baily, Esq.; John Gor¬ 
don, Esq. 
The following gentlemen vere admitted as Associate Members for 
the Session 1857-8 :— 
W. B. Brownrigg, Esq.; W. D. Babington, Esq.; M. S. Green, 
Esq. 
Mr. Haughton then read to the meeting his paper on the “ Cleavage 
and Joint Planes of the Old Bed Sandstone Conglomerate of the county 
of Waterford,” which was illustrated by several diagrams and maps, 
showing the construction of the Conglomerate. Plate I. represents the 
general appearance presented by the vertical joint and cleavage planes 
in the conglomerate cliffs near Dunmore East; these planes completely 
mask the bedding of the rock, which is nearly horizontal; and give the 
cliffs a semi-columnar structure which is very remarkable. 
In Plate II. is represented one of the singular effects of this colum- 
nar-jointed structure, in the formation of a natural stone cross “ made 
without hands,” which, seen from the sea, bears a striking resemblance 
to some of the ruder forms of ancient stone crosses found in Ireland and 
other countries. Mr. Haughton mentioned some of the principal results 
he had obtained from the discussion of 345 observations made by him on 
the cleavage and joint planes, and gave an outline of what he conceived 
to be the correct mechanical theory applicable to the discussion of such 
observations ; and concluded by stating that, as it was his intention to 
lay the results, in detail, before the Boyal Society, he should not tres¬ 
pass further on the time of the Geological Society than to lay before them 
the general results he had already described. 
Mr. Du Hoyer confirmed, from his own observation of the joint planes 
in the Conglomerate at Sybil Head, county of Kerry, some of Mr. Haugh- 
ton’s observations ; particularly with respect to the complete predomi¬ 
nance which the laminated cleavage structure of the Conglomerate ac¬ 
quired over the planes of bedding. 
Mr. Kelly said he believed that Waterford Harbour formed a kind 
of boundary between rocks with cleavage and rocks without it; he 
meant the upper Palaeozoic rocks only. The Carboniferous Slate, what 
little there is of it at Porter’s Gate, is not cleaved—or very little. Their 
equivalents at Clonea, near Dungarvan, are highly cleaved. It is a 
problem why should there be such a difference east and west of Water¬ 
ford Harbour. The red sandstones on both sides of it are at sea level, 
at Templetown and Dunmore, at Ballyhack and Passage; and yet here 
is the great north and south line of division. An east and west line 
might be drawn from Waterford, through Clonmel, to Castlemaine. Very 
little cleavage in the upper rocks north of this line. Yery much, all to 
the south of it. 
The polar influence in producing cleavage must give way. It is 
