GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LUBLIN. 
167 
and another with a curious punctured impression in the centre passing 
into linear marks. 
Dr. Kinahan made some remarks, in which he stated his belief that 
all the tracks were molluscan, basing his argument partly on the sharp¬ 
ness of the turns, mollusca turning much more rapidly than worms could. 
Mr. Mallett and Mr. Jukes made some observations; the latter calling 
attention to some enormous tracks in coal-measure flagstones, to be seen 
in the Museum of the Geological Society of Manchester. 
Mr. J. B. Doyle then exhibited some fine examples of fossil corals 
from Devonshire. These consisted of polished specimens from Newtown 
Abbot and other places. 
Da. J. It. Kinahan exhibited a series of fossils from the marine drift 
of Bohernabreena, county of Dublin. These consisted of angular, slightly 
rolled fragments of Cyprina islandica, Tellina solida, Mactra solida, Os- 
trea edulis, Pholas —— ? Venus striata and easina, and of a valve of Ba- 
lanus unrolled, and unrolled specimens of Nucula tenuis and Turritella 
communis. He described the portion of the drift in which they occurred 
as being made up of coarse, angular, scarcely rolled fragments, cemented 
together with carbonate of lime. The drift in which the shells occurred 
lies on the corn gravel, and preserves everywhere the same character, of 
having mixed up in it a large proportion of but slightly rolled pebbles, 
being very distinct from the ordinary gravel of the neighbourhood, which 
is nearly entirely made up of rolled and rounded pebbles, and apparently, 
in a great measure, the results of the wearing down and breaking up 
of the gravel by the action of water. The whole appearances would 
suggest the idea that the gravel in which the shells occurred had been 
subjected to the action of a violent surf, which had broken up the deep 
sea-shells, such as Cyprina islandica , and tossed them up unrolled, with 
specimens of the more immediate inhabitants of the littoral. This would 
account for the hinge teeth and striae of such shells as Nucula and Ve¬ 
nus striata, and easina, being preserved comparatively uninjured, and 
for the fine condition of the valve of the Balanus exhibited. In the 
course of the Paper occasion was taken to advert to the importance in 
drift deposits of remarking the conditions and characters of the fossils; 
and it stated that fossil shells, in the more recent deposits, were easily 
divided into shells in situ, where the animals had lived and died in the 
deposits, and the shells were thence generally found perfect; and trans¬ 
ported shells. That these latter might be either shells of inhabitants 
of deeper zones, on which the action of the sea had been but brief (such 
as a surf), as in the present instance, the striae, &c., of the shells in this 
case being preserved, although the shells were generally broken and 
mixed with unbroken shells of littoral molluscs, &c.; or they might 
be shells which had been subjected to the frequent action of the water, 
as on a sandy beach or gravel shingle, where the force of the water was 
comparatively small, but long continued, and the shells in consequence 
polished, and all the striae worn off; the pebbles in which they occur, 
in this case, being mostly rounded, with but few angular fragments 
among them. A third set of transported shells were those which, having 
