334 Mr. H. Seebohm on the Ornithology of Siberia. 
form, that L. eaccuhitor breeds near St. Petersburg, whilst 
L. major only passes through on emigration. It winters in 
Asia Minor. It does not appear to be a very clearly differ¬ 
entiated species. I have a skin from Asia Minor with the 
basal half of the eleventh quill white, whilst the tenth, twelfth, 
and succeeding quills scarcely show a trace of white at the 
base; and, curiously enough, this is the same in both wings. 
Birds like these may be intermediate forms; or, after my ex¬ 
perience of the Crow, I should not be surprised to find that 
on the boundary line of their geographical distribution they 
occasionally, if not habitually, intermarry. 
Passer domesticus (Linn.). 
The common Sparrow abounded in all the towns and vil¬ 
lages through which we sledged as far as Yen-e-saisk', and 
disappeared about lat. 60°. On the 16th of June a solitary 
pair appeared at the Koo-ray'-i-ka, the only occasion on 
which I met with this bird within the Arctic circle. 
Passer montanus (Linn.). 
Tne only place between Nishni Novgorod and Yen-e- 
saisk' where I observed the Tree-Sparrow was at a little village 
about forty miles west of Kasan. In Yen-e-saisk' it was as 
abundant as the common Sparrow; but I did not meet with 
it further north. 
Pyrrhula major, Brehm. 
The very handsome large variety of the Bullfinch with the 
brick-red breast was very abundant wherever the road passed 
through forests as far as Yen-e-saisk'; but I did not meet with 
it afterwards, either in the Arctic circle, or on the return 
journey. 
Carpouacus erythrinus (Pall.). 
The Scarlet Bullfinch arrived on the Arctic circle on the 
6th of June, and was soon afterwards very abundant. I did 
not observe it further north than lat. 68°. Its cheerful little 
song was constantly heard. It did not require a great stretcli 
of imagination to fancy it said pleased to see' you.^^ I only 
shot one male without the scarlet on the breast. Baron 
Maydell got this bird in the Tschuski Land, 
