1G0 
A Monograph of Culicklae. 
Localities for Sub-species. 
Macleayi in Australia; 
Skusii in Australia; 
the others in widely separate areas, and may occur side by side. 
The two sub-species Macleayi and Skusii are described more 
fully in the following pages. 
Observations.— This species and its sub-species are very closely 
related to Oulex pipiens, but can at once be told from the latter 
by the wing venation. It is one of the commonest mosquitoes, 
and is found in all parts of the world except the temperate and 
Arctic regions. It is essentially a household species, and may 
be found wherever man goes; it is undoubtedly spread by means 
of steamships and trains, in which it is frequently found. 
The larvae live in butts, tanks, and other small artificial 
collections of water. Lt.-Col. Giles, in a paper sent me for 
publication, says, in some notes concerning this species in India, 
as follows : “No rain had fallen in Lucknow for months, aud the 
place appeared as if burnt up after the long drought. Not a 
single natural collection of water could be seen ; all the irregular 
excavations so common in India, and which usually retain a 
little rain-water throughout the year, being absolutely dried up. 
In spite of this the houses in the civil lines were simply infested 
with mosquitoes, which were so numerous as to be a veritable 
pest, of which every one was complaining, though no one 
appeared the least disposed to make any effort to destroy them. 
The reason for this enormous multiplication of mosquitoes was 
not difficult to discover. In Lucknow, as in the European 
quarters of most Indian towns, every house has its garden, which 
can only be maintained by irrigation, effected by means of small 
masonry channels carried from the well to all parts of the garden. 
At intervals these are interrupted by small tanks of cemented 
brick work, never of large size, and in fact generally about a 
cubic yard in capacity. There must be hundreds of these little 
tanks in the * Civil Lines,’ and without exception they w r ere 
simply alive with the larvae and pupae of Culex fatigans .” 
Dr. M. Grabham, writing from Jamaica, says that “this species 
is found in the larval stage all the year round in ponds and tubs 
in Kingston.” Consul Mallet, writing from Panama, says “ it 
is one of the most common and noxious species in the city, and 
breeds usually in wells and uncovered water-butts.” 
