178 
R. Ruggles Gates. 
produced full double flowers. 1 Many other instances of doubling 
in this species are on record from Asa Gray, Thomas Meehan and 
others. Doubles are also recorded in many species of Ranunculus. 
Thus B. rhomboideus is sometimes found double in Floyd Co., 
Iowa. 2 One such specimen was transplanted and continued to 
produce only double flowers. A specimen of B. repens L. collected 
near Camden, New Jersey, had 10 petals (an extra whorl). 3 B . 
multifidus Pursh at Grand Rapids, Mich., frequently has double and 
quilled flowers, often with the scales (nectaries) changed to 
tubular appendages. 4 B. acer , B. bulbosus and B. ficaria are all 
said by Meehan 5 to have double forms. He points out that 
doubling is rarely due to cultivation, although numerous double 
forms of Ranunculus now occur in seed catalogues. 
Records of doubling in the Canadian mayflower, Epigcea 
repens , also abound, though the change is not so regular as in 
other forms, there being great variation in the nature of the 
doubling. A specimen from Worcester, Mass., continued to 
produce doubles for several years. 6 The stamens were partly 
converted into petals, the outer series being more or less coalescent 
into a tube. Other records are from New Brunswick and 
Massachusetts, the latter being a specimen with flower having 
three corollas, one within the other, the stamens absent or 
abortive. 7 At Plymouth, New Hampshire, double flowers were 
observed 8 year after year, with great variation in the degree of 
doubling. Three-fourths had two whorls of 5 petals each, and 5 
stamens alternate with the inner petals. In a few flowers nearly 
all the 10 stamens were transformed into petals, and in all the 
carpels were transformed to leaves. 
In Hepatica triloba Gil. one specimen with strongly double 
flowers was found (Hilbert, 1913) near Senshurg, Germany, in 1894, 
surrounded by singles. In 1912 another double specimen with 
blue flowers was found in the same place. It was transplanted to 
a garden and flowered double the following year, but gave no seeds. 
The stamens were changed to petals. There is also in cultivation 
1 Amer. Nat. 2: 610, 1869. 
2 Arthur, J. C., Amer. Nat. 6 : 427, 1872. 
8 Bot. Gazette 1 : 5, 1875. 
4 Bot. Gazette 2 : 90, 1877. 
5 Amer. Nat. 2 ; 484, 1869. 
c A. Gray, Am, Nat. 6 : 429, 1872. 
T Bailey, W. W., Bot. Gaz., 6 : 238, 1881. 
8 Wilson, Kate E., Bot. Gaz. 15: 19, 1890. 
