.R.B. BUCHANAN SEED CO. MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE. 
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Tussock Moth or Caterpillar 
The Obscure Scale 
Pecan Scab on Leaves, a Twig 
and a Nut 
Scale Insects of Shade Trees and Shrubs 
Shade trees and shrubs about the home grounds are frequently infested with scale 
insects—the most common being Oyster Shell Scale, European Elm, Cottony Maple, 
Tulip, Pine-Leaf, Terrapin Scales, and San Jose Scale. 
OYSTER SHELL SCALE—Is already described under Apple. It is a serious pest of Lilac, 
Poplar, Ash, Willow and ornamental Dogwood. 
EUROPEAN ELM SCALE—It attacks various species of Elm, infesting crevices of the 
bark and the underside of the limbs. The scales are reddish-brown in color and plump. 
COTTONY MAPLE SCALE—Is a small, flat, brown object secured to the twigs. Growth 
starts earty in April and the cottony mass is secreted and eggs deposited in late May 
or early June. Soft Maples and Basswood or Linden are affected by the Cottony Maple 
Scale. 
THE TULIP SCALE—Is an enemy of Tulip and Yellow Poplar trees. The fleshy hemi¬ 
spherical scales are a rich dark brown color and usually appear in clustered crowded 
masses. 
TERRAPIN SCALE—It attacks Maples and Sycamore, causing great injury where the 
insects are numerous. The scales are hemispherical and reddish-brown in color, with 
varying degrees of black banding or mottling. 
PINE LEAF SCALE—Different species of Pine trees are subject to infestation by Pine 
Leaf Scale. This insect is a tiny, long, white object with a yellow mark on one end. 
All of these scales can be controlled by spraying the tree and shrubs in the spring, 
before the buds open, with Oil Emulsion or Scalecide. 
We strongly advise spraying all shade trees and shrubs with a dormant spray in 
the spring before the buds open. This spray will protect your shrubs and trees from 
any scale insects. 
RUSTY EVERGREENS—During the hot, dry summer weather the Red Spider multiplies 
rapidly. The Red Spider is a minute light red insect. The injury caused by this insect 
is very conspicuous on Evergreens and the foliage becomes a rusty color. Spray infested 
Evergreens (including Cedars, Pines, Firs, Spruces, etc.) with Volck, Lime Sulphur Solu¬ 
tion, or dust with Superfine Sulphur, when the temperature is below 90 degrees. 
CHEWING INSECTS OF TREES AND SHRUBS 
Shade trees and shrubs are frequently attacked by certain leaf-eating insects as Bag 
Worm, Web Worm and Common Caterpillars, and unless control measures are taken 
promptly, defoliation will follow, resulting in serious injury to the tree. Nearly all 
shade trees and shrubs are attacked by some form of leaf-eating insect. 
BAG WORM—Is first noticed by a tapering bag % to 2 inches long suspended from 
twigs and leaves, within which is a worm that feeds on the foliage, all the time carrying 
the bag-like home with it. Most often found on Arbor Vitae, but may attack other 
shrubs or trees. 
WEB WORM—Forms conspicuous webs inclosing skeletonized, browned leaves and hairy 
caterpillars, usually in the fall. The unsightly nests or webs are easily recognized. 
TUSSOCK MOTH—The newly hatched caterpillars of the Tussock Moth are gorgeous 
creatures about an inch and a half long, with four dense white tussocks or brushes of 
hair on their backs. These caterpillars feed on a variety of shade trees. 
Either Woolly or Naked Caterpillars of some size attack most of our shade trees 
irregularly from year to year. The control for all is the same. 
All the above described chewing insects that attack shrubs and shade trees may be 
controlled by spraying thoroughly with Arsenate of Lead or Dutox just as soon as the 
insects appear. The upper and lower surface of all leaves must be covered with the 
spray material. Spraying must be done just as soon as any chewing insect appears. 
HOW TO CONTROL INSECTS AND DISEASES OF PECANS 
THE OBSCURE SCALE—Has become a serious pest on cultivated pecans, especially in 
the Gulf Coast region, and is gradually being spread throughout the pecan growing area 
of the United States. The covering of this particular scale is dark gray and almost cir¬ 
cular in outline. It agrees so well in color with the bark of the tree that it is exceedingly 
hard to detect. This is the reason for its name, Obscure Scale. 
SCAB—A fungus is by far the most destructive disease pecan growers have to contend 
with, and is increasing in seriousness from year to year. The disease may attack the 
nuts, twigs and leaves. It is first noticed in early spring as elongated brown or black 
lesions along the veins on the under sides of the leaves or along the ridges of young 
nuts. Later, black or brown, slightly raised circular spots appear on leaves, twigs and nuts. 
Other diseases such as leaf blotch, brown leaf spot and nursery leaf blight cause 
serious damage in some localities of the pecan belt, while diseases known as little leaf 
and crown gall are of less importance. 
The following is an excellent spray program for combating all the diseases and 
insects of pecans: 
DORMANT SPRAY—For Scale Insects. While trees are completely dormant, spray with 
Buchanan’s Oil Emulsion at the rate of 5 gallons to 45 gallons of water. 
FIRST SUMMER SPRAY FOR SCAB, CASE WORM, CATERPILLAR, LEAF SPOT AND 
APHIDS—Apply just after fruit has set. Use prepared Bordeaux at rate of 8 pounds to 
50 gallons water, 2 pounds hydrated lime and 1% pounds Arsenate of Lead. Add to this 
% pint Black Leaf 40. 
In most cases pecans should be sprayed three more times during summer at intervals 
of three weeks, using same materials as first summer spray. 
