115 
the Birds of the Lower Petchora. 
where it is replaced by the House-Sparrow. In the summer 
of 1872, Alston and Harvie Brown did not obtain or see 
a single example on the well-cultivated delta, nor in the 
town of Archangel. In March this year, among the large 
flocks of Sparrows frequenting the manure heaps and farm¬ 
yards of Archangel, the Tree-Sparrow was represented by a 
very small percentage. Eastwards it was found in greater or 
less abundance in all the villages, and at Ust Zylma it was 
seen in numbers. Northwards we met with it up to and 
within the arctic circle, finding it plentiful at Kuya, where 
it lived apparently in harmony with equal numbers of House- 
Sparrows. It v/as absent from Alexievka; but we obtained a 
solitary straggler as far north as Stanavoialachta. This bird 
breeds in holes in the wooden houses. We never met with 
it in the forests. 
Pyrrhula vulgaris, Temm. 
In spring, before the snow melted, we found the Bullfinch 
sparingly and in small flocks in the neighbourhood of the 
forest-stations, where there was abundance of food. As the 
season advanced they seemed to disperse through the woods, 
without receiving any accession to their numbers. After the 
snow was mostly gone, or only lying in the deep valleys and 
hollows in the pine-woods, we only met with one male; and 
we did not again see the species to the northward. 
Carpodacus erythrinus (Pall.). 
We saw two examples only of the Scarlet Bullfinch, both 
males, at Ust Zylma, on the 7th June, and we shot one of 
them. The note uttered by these birds was high-pitched, 
and may be rendered by the syllables tu-ivit-tu-tui, uttered 
at intervals. That heard by Alston and Harvie Brown at 
Archangel in 1872, uttered by females of this species, was 
a low Greenfinch-like single zh-zh-zh . 
CORYTHUS ENUCLEATOR (L.) . 
We met with Pine-Grosbeaks at Ust Zylma for the first 
time this season on the 24th May, and we were at first 
quite deceived by their rich Thrush-like song. We thought 
when we first heard it that we were going to find some one of 
i 2 
