Severtzoff’s ‘Fauna of Turkestan.’ 183 
with only on passage; for it breeds further north and east in 
the naked steppes. He met with it on the Lower Emba 
and Irgisa, in Caracuma, on the northern and western coasts 
of Lake Aral, on the Ust-Urta, and further south on the 
eastern shores of the Caspian. When the young are fledged 
it leads a roving life, but does not range westward as far as 
the Ural; and in a MS. footnote he adds that in 1874 he found 
it breeding sporadically in open places iu the saxaul-region 
between the Oxus and the Jaxartes. 
212. Melanocorypha calandra (L.) ; Severtzoff, pp. 67, 
143. 
Horizontal range. Breeds in districts L, II., III., and IV., 
commonly in all but the last, and occurs rarely in the winter. 
Vertical range. Breeds in districts 1 and 2, rarely in 1, and 
commonly in 2. 
213. Melanocorypha bimaculata (Menetr.); Severtzoff, 
pp. 67, 143. 
Horizontal range. Similar to that of the preceding species. 
Vertical range. Breeds commonly in district 2. 
Severtzoff also includes, at page 67, under the name of M. 
bimaculata , j3. minor, without description, a subspecies, the 
range of which is similar to that of M. bimaculata. 
214. Melanocorypha stberica, Gm. 
Melanocorypha leucoptera, Severtzoff, p. 67. 
Horizontal range. Occurs on passage and in winter in dis¬ 
tricts I., II., and III. 
Vertical range. Occurs on passage and in winter in dis¬ 
tricts 1 and 2. 
215. Melanocorypha yeltonensis, Forst. 
Melanocorypha tartarica, Severtzoff, p. 67. 
Horizontal range. Breeds in districts I., II., and III. 
Vertical range. Breeds in districts 1 and 2, commonly in 
the former. 
216. ? Lanius excubitor, Severtzoff, p. 67. 
Horizontal range. Occurs on passage and in winter in dis¬ 
tricts I., II., and III. 
