186 
Mr. H. E. Dresser’s Notes on 
three inner secondaries lighter brownish grey; the base of 
the 5th to the 8th primaries white, forming a white patch, 
which is sometimes concealed by the coverts. 
“ Adult female. Differs from the male merely in having the 
black line on the side of the head shorter, this line being sur¬ 
rounded by white feathers. 
“ The young of both sexes are varied with brown and greyish 
spots and lines ; the larger wing-coverts and the inner secon¬ 
daries have broad light edges; there is no white patch on the 
wing; and the underparts are barred with brown, the barrings 
being narrower and wider apart than those on the upper 
parts; the dark markings on the cheeks are not black, but 
brownish, the feathers having black edges; tail light brown¬ 
ish, barred with brown; rump light reddish brown. 
“ After the first moult the crown, nape, and back are as in 
the adult, the wings, tail, and cheeks as in the younger bird; 
the lower throat and sides are marked as in the very young 
bird, but the throat and centre of the abdomen as in the 
adult. The male has the barrings on the abdomen narrower 
in this plumage than the female After the third moult the 
male gets his full plumage,—but the female not until after the 
fourth moult, as after the third moult the sides are still marked 
as in the young; but it breeds in this dress. 
“ In all plumages the legs are blackish plumbeous ; the bill 
is black in the adult, and yellowish grey at the base and brown 
at the tip in the young. Total length 8"-8" 5"', extent 11" V"- 
12", wing 3" 5 /#/ -3" 8'", tail 3" H"'-3" 2\ U1 , culmen 5^", thick¬ 
ness of bill 2-^", tarsus 9"-94" / , middle toe 6^ ln . 
“ In Lanius phcenicurus the ten central tail-feathers are uni¬ 
form in length, the two outer ones being 4/" shorter; the alar 
patch is larger, and extends over nine primaries, from the 
2nd to the 10th, and is not concealed by the coverts; the 
upper parts are darker and greyer (brownish grey); the wings 
are blackish brown, the feathers having light edges; tail red¬ 
dish brown; lores black, like the upper part of the cheeks; 
underparts light rose-coloured; sides brownish. The dif¬ 
ferences in plumage are similar to those in L. isabellinus. 
First primary short, longer than the coverts, 3 = 4>5>2>6, 
n>r 3rd longest, 2 = 5. Length of the male 7" 5'", extent 
