445 
the Birds of the Lower Petchora. 
of the same sort of scene in a wildfowl-sanctuary at home. 
The same species of birds were there too. Two Widgeons 
were in the foreground, the male occasionally whistling as he 
floated lazily about ; a little further off were two Teal; and 
up and down over the surface of the water were a number of 
fine Scaup Ducks swimming in pairs or small parties, fre¬ 
quently uttering their harsh cries. At the far end a solitary 
Swan floated, its head high, and its neck straight, already on 
the qui vive. The Scaup Ducks shortly became suspicious, and 
swam up close together. The Swan took the hint, and, beat¬ 
ing the water with his wings, rose and flew off, followed by 
Scaups, Widgeon, and Teal. 
We afterwards found the Scaup not uncommon in certain 
localities, but did not meet with any further north than Yoo- 
shina. They .did not appear to be abundant at Alexievka, as 
the Zyriani only brought in one set of eggs and down. 
Fuligula cristata. 
The Tufted Duck appeared to be scarce upon the Petchora, 
as far as we could observe. The first was obtained by See- 
bohm at an island a little below Viski on the 17th June; and 
on the 19th Harvie Brown shot another on the island op¬ 
posite Kuya. These were the only specimens procured; and 
not more than one or two others were identified. 
Fuligula clangula (L.). 
We did not see much of this species, as we stayed only a 
short time in the forest-country after their arrival. We iden¬ 
tified one Golden-eye at the feeding-grounds on the Zylma, 
and obtained two sets of eggs at Habariki from the peasants. 
A nesting-hole was pointed out to us in a dead larch, 25 feet 
from the ground, from which our informant had taken the 
down and fourteen eggs, which we purchased from him. We 
did not meet with the species again lower down the river. 
'!~Harelda glacialis (L.). 
We saw nothing of the Long-tailed Duck on migration, 
nor until we arrived at Kuya. There we found them not un¬ 
common on the islands opposite the village, and afterwards 
met with them abundantly on the tundra, and less plentifully 
